测量的可预测性
Predictability of measurements
摘要：
热力学第二定律指出，在一个孤立系中，熵随时间增加（或不变）。由于微观物理定律是可逆的，不可逆性的起源并不简单。虽然由于海森堡不确定原理，对纯量子态的测量结果不能完全预测，但量子和有限熵的不确定性被认为是根本不同的。我们建议计算测量的可预测性，包括量子和熵的不确定性。我们证明了在半经典统计力学的情况下，测量的不可预测性与熵是相同的，并且在纯纠缠量子态中，作为量子测量的结果，它随时间而增加。
英文摘要：
The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases (or does not change) by time in an isolated system. As microscopic physical laws are reversible, the origin of irreversibility is not straightforward. Although the outcome of a measurement on a pure quantum state is not fully predictable due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum and finite entropy uncertainties are thought to be fundamentally different. We propose to calculate the predictability of measurements comprising both quantum and entropic uncertainties. We show that the unpredictability of measurements is identical to entropy in case of semiclassical statistical mechanics, and it increases by time in a pure entangled quantum state as a result of quantum measurement.
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