论暗能量的本质：晶格宇宙
On the nature of dark energy: the lattice Universe
摘要：
宇宙中有一些未知的东西。一件大事。这导致了宇宙膨胀的加速，这可能是过去几十年来最令人惊讶和意想不到的发现，因此代表了宇宙中最紧迫的谜团之一。目前的标准$Λ$ CDM模型使用两个未知的实体来使一切都符合：暗能量和暗物质，它们共同构成了宇宙能量密度的95%以上。这有点像说我们几乎什么都不懂，但没有公开承认这一点。在这里，我们从最近的理论结果开始，这些结果来自于通过CPT对称性将广义相对论扩展到反物质。这一理论预言了物质和反物质之间的相互引力排斥。我们的基本假设是，宇宙包含等量的物质和反物质，反物质可能位于宇宙空隙中，正如以前的工作所讨论的那样。从这个场景中，我们开发了一个简单的宇宙学模型，从其方程，我们得出的第一个结果。虽然难以捉摸的暗能量的存在完全被引力排斥所取代，但暗物质的存在并不排除，但并不严格要求，因为大多数相关现象也可以归因于排斥引力效应。物质的能量密度从$\sim5%$（重子物质，以及同样多的反物质）到所谓临界密度的$\sim25%$，宇宙目前的年龄在13岁到$15\rm\,Gyr$之间。超新星Ia检验成功通过，残差与观测到的红移范围内的$Λ$ CDM模型相当，但在较高的$z$下，对较暗的超新星有明确的预测。此外，该模型既没有视界问题，也没有重合问题，也不要求初始奇异性。总之，我们已经取代了目前所有的棘手问题，
英文摘要：
There is something unknown in the cosmos. Something big. Which causes the acceleration of the Universe expansion, that is perhaps the most surprising and unexpected discovery of the last decades, and thus represents one of the most pressing mysteries of the Universe. The current standard $Λ$CDM model uses two unknown entities to make everything fit: dark energy and dark matter, which together would constitute more than 95% of the energy density of the Universe. A bit like saying that we have understood almost nothing, but without openly admitting it. Here we start from the recent theoretical results that come from the extension of general relativity to antimatter, through CPT symmetry. This theory predicts a mutual gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter. Our basic assumption is that the Universe contains equal amounts of matter and antimatter, with antimatter possibly located in cosmic voids, as discussed in previous works. From this scenario we develop a simple cosmological model, from whose equations we derive the first results. While the existence of the elusive dark energy is completely replaced by gravitational repulsion, the presence of dark matter is not excluded, but not strictly required, as most of the related phenomena can also be ascribed to repulsive-gravity effects. With a matter energy density ranging from $\sim5%$ (baryonic matter alone, and as much antimatter) to $\sim25%$ of the so-called critical density, the present age of the Universe varies between about 13 and $15\rm\,Gyr$. The SN Ia test is successfully passed, with residuals comparable with those of the $Λ$CDM model in the observed redshift range, but with a clear prediction for fainter SNe at higher $z$. Moreover, this model has neither horizon nor coincidence problems, and no initial singularity is requested. In conclusion, we have replaced all the tough problems of the current
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