来自INTEGRAL的核天体物理学教训

夸克物质与核天体物理学：最新进展

Quark matter and nuclear astrophysics: recent developments

本文综述了核天体物理中冷夸克物质存在性问题的无模型研究前沿，整合中子星观测与第一性原理计算，介绍了微扰计算进展及大质量中子星核心共形化转变的证据。

Astromers: Nuclear Isomers in Astrophysics

We develop a method to compute thermally-mediated transition rates between the ground state and long-lived isomers in nuclei. We also establish criteria delimiting a thermalization temperature above which a nucleus may be considered a single species and below which it must be treated as two separate species: a ground state species, and an astrophysical isomer ("astromer") species. Below the thermalization temperature, the destruction rates dominate the internal transition rates between the ground state and the isomer. If the destruction rates also differ greatly from one another, the nuclear l…

Ensembles of unified crust and core equations of state in a nuclear-multimessenger astrophysics environment

We present an ensemble of unified neutron star crust and core equations of state, constructed using an extended Skyrme energy density functional through the crust and outer core, and appended by two piecewise polytropes at higher densities. The equations of state are parameterized by the first three coefficients in the density expansion of the symmetry energy $J,L$ and $K_{\rm sym}$, the moment of inertia of a 1.338 M$_{\odot}$ star $I_{1.338}$ and the maximum neutron star mass $M_{\rm max}$. We construct an ensemble with uniform priors on all five parameters, and then apply data filters to th…

Nuclear processes in Astrophysics: Recent progress

The origin of the elements is a fascinating question that scientists have been trying to answer for the last seven decades. The formation of light elements in the primordial universe and heavier elements in astrophysical sources occurs through nuclear reactions. We can say that nuclear processes are responsible for the production of energy and synthesis of elements in the various astrophysical sites. Thus, nuclear reactions have a determining role in the existence and evolution of several astrophysical environments, from the Sun to the spectacular explosions of supernovae. Nuclear astrophysics…

H和He cosmic ray同位素在银河系中的传播：天体物理和核不确定性

Propagation of H and He cosmic ray isotopes in the Galaxy: astrophysical and nuclear uncertainties

对宇宙射线中的轻同位素的观测提供了关于宇宙射线在银河系中的起源和传播的宝贵信息。利用AMS-01实验在~0.2-1.5 GeV/核子范围内收集的数据，我们将1H，2 H，3 He和4 He的测量与星际传播和太阳调制的计算进行了比较。这些数据很好地描述了一个扩散再加速模型与参数相匹配的B/C比数据，表明他和较重的核，如C-N-O经历类似的传播历史。密切的比较内提供的B/C比数据的天体物理学的限制，并在生产截面数据中的错误所产生的核不确定性。预计AMS-02即将提供的数据将大大减少天体物理学的不确定性，因此核不确定性可能是对模型预测可靠性的最严重限制。另一方面，我们发现，次级到次级比，如2 H/3 He，6Li/7 Li或10 B/11B几乎不敏感的关键传播参数，可以代表一个有用的诊断测试的计算的一致性。

Nuclear Physics Meets the Sources of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

The determination of the injection composition of cosmic ray nuclei within astrophysical sources requires sufficiently accurate descriptions of the source physics and the propagation - apart from controlling astrophysical uncertainties. We therefore study the implications of nuclear data and models for cosmic ray astrophysics, which involves the photo-disintegration of nuclei up to iron in astrophysical environments. We demonstrate that the impact of nuclear model uncertainties is potentially larger in environments with non-thermal radiation fields than in the cosmic microwave background. We a…

提高天体物理学反应速率的途径

The Path to Improved Reaction Rates for Astrophysics

这篇评论集中在天体物理学中的核反应，更具体地说，是通过强相互作用与轻离子（核子和α粒子）进行的反应。它的目的是提出核天体物理学研究所必需的基本定义，指出发生在恒星和地球实验室中的核反应之间的区别，并说明在这些反应的理论和实验研究中所面临的一些挑战。讨论围绕着天体物理学的相关量，即天体物理学的反应速率。探讨了反应速率对各种核性质预测的不确定性的敏感性，并为实验工作者提供了一些指导。

Covariant Density Functional Theory in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics

How does subatomic matter organize itself? Neutron stars are cosmic laboratories uniquely poised to answer this fundamental question that lies at the heart of nuclear science. Newly commissioned rare isotope facilities, telescopes operating across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and ever more sensitive gravitational wave detectors will probe the properties of neutron-rich matter with unprecedented precision over an enormous range of densities. Yet, a coordinated effort between observation, experiment, and theoretical research is of paramount importance for realizing the full potential of …

Nuclear-Physics Multi-Messenger Astrophysics Constraints on the Neutron-Star Equation of State: Adding NICER's PSR J0740+6620 Measurement

In the past few years, new observations of neutron stars and neutron-star mergers have provided a wealth of data that allow one to constrain the equation of state of nuclear matter at densities above nuclear saturation density. However, most observations were based on neutron stars with masses of about 1.4 solar masses, probing densities up to $\sim$ 3-4 times the nuclear saturation density. Even higher densities are probed inside massive neutron stars such as PSR J0740+6620. Very recently, new radio observations provided an update to the mass estimate for PSR J0740+6620 and X-ray observations…