灵敏度为1000自旋的感应检测电子自旋共振：通往可扩展量子计算的道路
Induction-Detection Electron Spin Resonance with Sensitivity of 1000 Spins: En Route to Scalable Quantum Computations
摘要：
基于自旋的固态量子计算被认为是实现可扩展量子计算机最有前途的方法之一。然而，它面临的问题，如初始化的自旋，选择性地寻址和操纵单个自旋，并读出的各个自旋的状态。我们最近草拟了一个可能解决所有这些问题的方案5。这是通过使用独特的磷掺杂28 Si样品（28 Si：P），并应用强大的新电子自旋共振（ESR）技术进行并行激发，检测和成像，以实现QC并有效地获得结果来实现的。我们提出的方案的优点在于，与其他方法相反，不需要单自旋检测灵敏度，并且测量~100-1000个自旋的信号的能力足以实现它。我们表明，通过利用最小的ESR共振器构建的日期（~5微米），连同一个独特的低温放大方案和亚微米成像能力，小于1000电子自旋的灵敏度得到的空间分辨率为~500 nm。这是迄今为止进行的最灵敏的感应检测实验，这种能力使这种方法快速进入展示可扩展的QC能力的轨道。
英文摘要：
Spin-based quantum computation (QC) in the solid state is considered to be one of the most promising approaches to scalable quantum computers. However, it faces problems such as initializing the spins, selectively addressing and manipulating single spins, and reading out the state of the individual spins. We have recently sketched a scheme that potentially solves all of these problems5. This is achieved by making use of a unique phosphorus-doped 28Si sample (28Si:P), and applying powerful new electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques for parallel excitation, detection, and imaging in order to implement QCs and efficiently obtain their results. The beauty of our proposed scheme is that, contrary to other approaches, single-spin detection sensitivity is not required and a capability to measure signals of ~100-1000 spins is sufficient to implement it. Here we take the first experimental step towards the actual implementation of such scheme. We show that, by making use of the smallest ESR resonator constructed to date (~5 microns), together with a unique cryogenic amplification scheme and sub-micron imaging capabilities, a sensitivity of less than 1000 electron spin is obtained with spatial resolution of ~500 nm. This is the most sensitive induction-detection experiment carried out to date, and such capabilities put this approach on the fast track to the demonstration of a scalable QC capability.
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