普通Ia型超新星PS1-10afx的异常放大
Extraordinary Magnification of the Ordinary Type Ia Supernova PS1-10afx
摘要：
最近，乔诺克及其同事宣布泛星计划发现了一个瞬变光源，其视峰值亮度约为4x10^44 erg s^-1。我们表明，这个瞬态源的光谱是很好的拟合正常Ia型超新星（SNIa）模板。在光谱测定的红移z=1.3883处，多波段的颜色和光变曲线形状也与正常的SNeIa一致;然而，与模板相比，观察到的通量是每个波段随时间推移亮了约30倍的常数因子。至少，这表明从某些SNeIa的光变曲线宽度推断出的峰值亮度将显著偏离宇宙学家所使用的已建立的经验关系。我们认为，物理的理由，所观察到的通量不反映一个固有的发光SNIa，而是PS1-10afx是一个正常的SNIa的通量已被放大的外部源。唯一已知的天体物理源能够这样的放大是引力透镜。由于附近缺乏明显的透镜候选者，如星系团，我们进一步认为透镜是一个超大质量黑洞或相对低质量的暗物质晕。在这种情况下，透镜继续放大下面的宿主星系光。如果得到证实，这一发现可能会影响广泛的主题，包括宇宙学，伽马射线暴和暗物质晕。
英文摘要：
Recently, Chornock and co-workers announced the Pan-STARRS discovery of a transient source reaching an apparent peak luminosity of ~4x10^44 erg s^-1. We show that the spectra of this transient source are well fit by normal Type Ia supernova (SNIa) templates. The multi-band colors and light-curve shapes are also consistent with normal SNeIa at the spectroscopically determined redshift of z=1.3883; however, the observed flux is a constant factor of ~30 times too bright in each band over time as compared to the templates. At minimum, this shows that the peak luminosities inferred from the light-curve widths of some SNeIa will deviate significantly from the established, empirical relation used by cosmologists. We argue on physical grounds that the observed fluxes do not reflect an intrinsically luminous SNIa, but rather PS1-10afx is a normal SNIa whose flux has been magnified by an external source. The only known astrophysical source capable of such magnification is a gravitational lens. Given the lack of obvious lens candidates, such as galaxy clusters, in the vicinity, we further argue that the lens is a supermassive black hole or a comparatively low-mass dark matter halo. In this case, the lens continues to magnify the underlying host galaxy light. If confirmed, this discovery could impact a broad range of topics including cosmology, gamma-ray bursts, and dark matter halos.
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