爱因斯坦与玻尔兹曼：决定论与概率或维里展开再探
Einstein and Boltzmann: Determinism and Probability or The Virial Expansion Revisited
摘要：
玻尔兹曼的原理S = k ln W多次受到爱因斯坦的批评，因为它缺乏适当的动力学基础，因为粒子的热运动是组成物理系统的基础。这特别表明，处于热平衡的系统的统计力学应该以动力学为基础。作为一个例子，动力学推导的密度展开的两个粒子的分布函数，以及一个中等密度的气体在热平衡的热力学性质，在这里概述。这是一个不同于通常的推导基于吉布斯的概率正则系综，其中动力学是消除在开始和平衡统计力学减少到静态。有人认为，本推导在本文中，在原则上，也可以适用于其他平衡性质，也许也适用于其他领域。
英文摘要：
Boltzmann's Principle S = k ln W was repeatedly criticized by Einstein since it lacked a proper dynamical foundation in view of the thermal motion of the particles, out of which a physical system consists. This suggests, in particular, that the statistical mechanics of a system in thermal equilibrium should be based on dynamics. As an example, a dynamical derivation of the density expansions of the two-particle distribution function, as well as of the thermodynamic properties of a moderately dense gas in thermal equilibrium, is outlined here. This is a different derivation than the usual one based on Gibbs' probabilistic canonical ensemble, where dynamics is eliminated at the beginning and equilibrium statistical mechanics is reduced to statics. It is argued that the present derivation in this paper could, in principle, also be applied to other equilibrium properties and perhaps also to other fields.
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