QCD中的拓扑电荷膜和Goldstone玻色子传播
Topological charge membranes and Goldstone boson propagation in QCD
摘要：
理论论证和Monte Carlo观测都表明，QCD真空的拓扑结构由交替符号的扩展的相干余维1膜的层压阵列组成。大- $N_c$参数，支持规范/弦全息，表明这些膜是域壁分离离散的“通量真空”的拓扑$θ$参数的值不同的$\pm 2π$。这揭示了与二维U（1）规范理论的密切类比，其中$θ$可以解释为电极化的强度，畴壁是点状带电粒子。在四维量子色动力学中，$θ$参数代表背景Ramond-Ramond通量，它可以解释为真空中带电膜的极化。在这个框架中，手征凝聚体是由夸克表面模在膜上形成的。无质量Goldstone玻色子的传播是由于极化场$θ$的体振荡和膜表面上的Chern-Simons 3-form所表示的表面电流之间的协调而发生的。这种协调是强制执行的整体规范不变性，它施加了一个异常流入体电流和表面电流之间的约束。
英文摘要：
Both theoretical arguments and Monte Carlo observations indicate that the topological structure of the QCD vacuum consists of a laminated array of extended, coherent codimension-one membranes of alternating sign. Large-$N_c$ arguments, supported by gauge/string holography, indicate that these membranes are domain walls which separate discrete "flux vacua" with values of the topological $θ$ parameter which differ by $\pm 2π$. This exposes a close analogy with 2D U(1) gauge theory, where $θ$ can be interpreted as electric polarization, and the domain walls are pointlike charged particles. In 4D QCD, the $θ$ parameter represents background Ramond-Ramond flux, which can be interpreted as a polarization of the charged membranes in the vacuum. In this framework, the chiral condensate is formed from the quark surface modes on the membranes. Massless Goldstone boson propagation takes place due to a coordination between bulk oscillations of the polarization field $θ$ and the surface currents represented by the Chern-Simons 3-form on the brane surface. This coordination is enforced by overall gauge invariance which imposes an anomaly inflow constraint between bulk and surface currents.
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