一个使用液氦-4的暗物质探测器的概念
A Concept for A Dark Matter Detector Using Liquid Helium-4
摘要：
直接寻找轻暗物质粒子（质量为$<10$ GeV）尤其具有挑战性，因为在弹性散射中转移到典型的重核目标的能量很低。利用氦核与轻暗物质粒子良好的运动学匹配，我们研究了使用液态氦-4作为靶材料的可能性。利用蒙特卡罗模拟计算了不同能量和电场条件下反冲氦离子产生的电荷、闪烁和三重态氦分子信号。我们表明，优秀的背景抑制可以实现不同的信号通道之间的比率的基础上。我们还提出了一些概念，液氦为基础的暗物质探测器。所提出的方法的关键是使用一个大的电场从事件现场提取电子，并通过成比例的闪烁，液体电致发光，或旋子发射放大这个电荷信号。所提出的探测器的灵敏度轻暗物质粒子估计为各种电场和光收集效率。
英文摘要：
Direct searches for light dark matter particles (mass $<10$ GeV) are especially challenging because of the low energies transferred in elastic scattering to typical heavy nuclear targets. We investigate the possibility of using liquid Helium-4 as a target material, taking advantage of the favorable kinematic matching of the Helium nucleus to light dark matter particles. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to calculate the charge, scintillation, and triplet helium molecule signals produced by recoil He ions, for a variety of energies and electric fields. We show that excellent background rejection can be achieved based on the ratios between different signal channels. We also present some concepts for a liquid-helium-based dark matter detector. Key to the proposed approach is the use of a large electric field to extract electrons from the event site, and the amplification of this charge signal, through proportional scintillation, liquid electroluminescence, or roton emission. The sensitivity of the proposed detector to light dark matter particles is estimated for various electric fields and light collection efficiencies.
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