We present a complete model whose low energy effective theory is the R-parity violating NMSSM with a baryon number violating udd vertex of the MFV SUSY form, leading to prompt LSP decay and evading the ever stronger LHC bounds on low-scale R-parity conserving supersymmetry. MFV flavor structure is enforced by gauging an SU(3) flavor symmetry at high energies. After the flavor group is spontaneously broken, mass mixing between the standard model fields and heavy vector-like quarks and leptons induces hierarchical Yukawa couplings which depend on the mixing angles. The same mechanism generates the udd coupling, explaining its shared structure. A discrete R-symmetry is imposed which forbids all other dangerous lepton and baryon-number violating operators (including Planck-suppressed operators) and simultaneously solves the mu problem. While flavor constraints require the flavor gauge bosons to be outside of the reach of the LHC, the vector-like top partners could lie below 1 TeV.
We suggest simple models of spontaneous parity violation in supersymmetric strong gauge theory. We focus on left-right symmetric model and investigate vacuum with spontaneous parity violation. Non-perturbative effects are calculable in supersymmetric gauge theory, and we suggest two new models. The first model shows confinement, and the second model has a dual description of the theory. The left-right symmetry breaking and electroweak symmetry breaking are simultaneously occurred with the suitable energy scale hierarchy. The second model also induces spontaneous supersymmetry breaking.
The effective super-renormalizable 3-dimensional Lagrangian, describing the high temperature limit of chiral gauge theories, has more symmetry than the original 4d Lagrangian: parity violation is absent. Parity violation appears in the 3d theory only through higher-dimensional operators. We compute the coefficients of dominant P-odd operators in the Standard Electroweak theory and discuss their implications. We also clarify the parametric accuracy obtained with dimensional reduction.
In a class of supersymmetric left-right models (SUSYLR) of weak interactions where R-parity is automatically conserved, we show that spontaneous breakdown of parity CANNOT occur without spontaneous breakdown of R-parity. This intriguing result connects two physically different scales in supersymmetric models.
The possibility of parity violation through spacetime torsion has been explored in a scenario containing fields with different spins. Taking the Kalb-Ramond field as the source of torsion, an explicitly parity violating $U(1)_{EM}$ gauge invariant theory has been constructed by extending the KR field with a Chern-Simons term.
The generalization of the Vafa-Witten theorem ruling out parity violation to QCD at finite temperature is considered. It is shown that this generalization of the theorem rules out Lorentz-invariant parity violating operators from spontaneously acquiring vacuum expectation values. However, it does not rule out Lorentz-noninvariant parity-violating operators from acquiring expectation values. Other situations where the theorem is inapplicable are also discussed.
I discuss the theoretical motivations for R-parity violation, review the experimental bounds and outline the main changes in collider phenomenology compared to conserved R-parity. I briefly comment on the effects of R-parity violation on cosmology.
The fate of R-parity in supersymmetric theories is discussed in detail. We make a strong case for R-parity violation showing that the simplest theories based on the local B-L symmetry predict the spontaneous breaking of R-parity at the SUSY scale. The possible implications for the searches at the Large Hadron Collider are discussed.
We overview the dark parity violation, which means the parity violation induced by a dark gauge boson of very small mass and coupling. When a dark gauge boson has an axial coupling, as in dark Z model, it can change the effective Weinberg angle in the low-energy experiments such as the atomic parity violation and the low-Q^2 polarized electron scatterings. Such low-energy parity tests are an excellent probe of the dark force.
Electromagnetic resonant cavities form the basis for a number modern tests of Lorentz invariance. The geometry of most of these experiments implies unsuppressed sensitivities to parity-even Lorentz violations only. Parity-odd violations typically enter through suppressed boost effects, causing a reduction in sensitivity by roughly four orders of magnitude. Here we discuss possible techniques for achieving unsuppressed sensitivities to parity-odd violations by using asymmetric resonators.
We investigate the effects of R-parity violation on the semileptonic decays of B-meson in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with explicit R-parity violation and discuss its physical implications. We find that the semileptonic decays of B-meson can be largely affected by the R-parity violation.
In a space-time with torsion, the action for the gravitational field can be extended with a parity-violating piece. We show how to obtain such a piece from geometry itself, by suitably modifying the affine connection so as to include a pseudo-tensorial part. A consistent method is thus suggested for incorporating parity-violation in the Lagrangians of all matter fields with spin in a space-time background with torsion.
In this lectures, we give a review about the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with $R$-Parity Violation because it provides an attractive way to generate neutrino masses, lepton mixing angles in acconcordance to present neutrino data.
The MSSM with $R$-Parity violation allows flavour changing neutral currents through two mechanisms, directly through one loop diagrams, and indirectly through the generation of flavour violation in the sparticle sector. We discuss the use of these mechanisms for constraining $R$-Parity violation, and show that the indirect mechanism parametrised in terms of the running of the soft masses from the unification or Planck scale typically dominates previously calculated effects. We discuss neutrino mass generation, $μ\to eγ$, $b\to sγ$, and $K^0-\bar K^0$ mixing as examples.
The study of parity-violation in semi-leptonic processes has yielded important insights into the structure of the Standard Model and the substructure of the nucleon. I discuss the future of semi-leptonic parity-violation and the role it might play in uncovering physics beyond the Standard Model.
Besides the fact of parity violation in weak interactions, based on evidences from neutrino oscillation and tritium beta decay, a natural conjecture is that neutrinos may be spacelike particles with a tiny proper mass. A Dirac-type equation for spacelike neutrinos is further investigated and its solutions are discussed. This equation can be written in two spinor equations coupled together via nonzero proper mass while respecting maximum parity violation.
We investigate the implications of $R$-Parity violation (RPV) for quark flavour violation both by constraining the sneutrino masses to be positive and by studying the processes $b\to sγ$ and $K^0-\bar K^0$ mixing. In the latter there are two major contributions, one from ``direct'' one loop diagrams involving RPV couplings, and one from the ``indirect'' contributions generated by the renormalisation group. We compare the effects and discuss the implications of our results.
We study the minimal gauged U(1)_{B-L} supersymmetric model and show that it provides an attractive theory for spontaneous R-parity violation. Both U(1)_{B-L} and R-parity are broken by the vacuum expectation value of the right-handed sneutrino (proportional to the soft SUSY masses), thereby linking the B-L and soft SUSY scales. In this context we find a consistent mechanism for generating neutrino masses and a realistic mass spectrum, all without extending the Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetry standard model. We discuss the most relevant collider signals and the connection between the…
We construct basis-independent expressions that measure the magnitude of $R$-parity breaking due to possible superpotential terms in the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, in the absence of soft supersymmetry-breaking terms and spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. We also discuss briefly their application to a consistent treatment of cosmological constraints on $R$-parity violation.
We examine some flavor changing processes such as rare leptonic decays of the long-lived neutral kaon, muon-electron conversion in nuclei and radiative muon decay which are induced by the combined effects of bilinear and trilinear R-parity violations. These processes are used to put strong constraints on certain products of the bilinear and trilinear couplings. We also discuss the constraints on R-parity violation from neutrino masses and compare them with the constraints from flavor changing decay processes. Large range of parameter space satisfying the constraints from neutrino masses can be…
We discuss possible constraints on R-parity violation from recently announced Belle/Babar results on the B\toτνbranching fraction, and the bounds on τ^-\to\ell^- K_S^0 (\ell=e or μ) from Babar.
In the framework of the supersymmetric theories with R-parity violation we consider the process $γγ\to ν_i \bar{ν_j}$ and its contribution into energy loss from the stars.Under some conditions the studied contribution exceeds the standard model contribution to the same process.
We propose a new method, using the Andreev reflection at superconductors, to measure parity violation induced by the standard electroweak theory, which in turn constrains the possible parity-violating effects of new physics. The weak neutral currents induce parity-violating, marginal effective operators, though quite tiny, in superconductors. We estimate their effects on superconducting gaps and propose a method to measure the parity-violation from the spin polarization effect, when electrons or holes get Andreev-reflected at the interface between normal metal and a superconductor. Such polari…
We compute the neutralino decay rate in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with the addition of explicit R-parity violation. We include the complete squark and slepton mixing matrices, previously neglected, and we improve and correct published formulas. These decays are relevant to accelerator and non-accelerator searches for R-parity violation, and are especially interesting in light of the reported high Q^2 anomaly at HERA.
We investigate bounds from tree-level and one-loop processes in generic supersymmetric models with spontaneous R-parity breaking in the superpotential. We analyse the bounds from a general point of view. The bounds are applicable both for all models with spontaneous R-parity violation and for explicit bilinear R-parity violation based on general lepton-chargino and neutrino-neutralino mixings. We find constraints from semileptonic B, D and K decays, leptonic decays of the mu and tau, electric dipole moments, as well as bounds for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
We have studied new CP violating effects in $Λ_b \to p π$ decay mode, that can arise in Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with R-parity violation. We have estimated how much R-parity violation modifies the Standard Model predictions for CP asymmetries within the present bounds. We found that in the R-parity violating model, the rate asymmetry ($a_{cp}$) is suppressed (about 10 times) and the asymmetry parameter $A(α)$ is enhanced (approximately $10^2$ times) with respect to the SM predictions.
I discuss in qualitative terms the implications of the recent measurement by C. S. Wood et al. of the hyperfine dependence of atomic parity violation in 133Cs. The derived anapole moment constrains the strength of hadronic parity violation.
Supersymmetry without R-parity predicts tree level quark flavor violation. We present a potential signal of single bottom production at electron-positron colliders with energies in the range 6 to 20 GeV. Taking into account rare decay limits it should be detectable with the current BaBar and Belle data samples.
We study CP violating B decays in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation. We estimate how much R-parity violation modifies the SM predictions for CP asymmetries in B decays within the present bounds. The effects of R-parity- and lepton-number-violating couplings on the ratio of the decay amplitude due to R-parity violation to that of the SM can differ by one or two orders of magnitudes depending on the models of the left-handed quark mixing. It is possible to disentangle the R-parity violating effects from those of the SM and R-parity- conserving supersymmetric model…
I consider parity violation of the chiral symmetry broken vacuum. It is shown that the parity of the true vacuum in the chiral symmetry breaking model is violated. I propose new mechanism of massive neutrino, which the neutrinos have mass in terms of the chiral symmetry breaking. In this mechanism, it may give us new understanding why almost neutrinos have left chirality. Further, NJL model is proposed as alternative phenomenological model of neutrinos.
A comparison of spectra obtained using the 1-loop MSSM and 2-loop R-parity violating MSSM renormalization group equations is presented. Influence of higher loop corrections and R-parity violating terms is discussed. Some numerical constraints on the R-parity violating parameters are also given.
We investigate possibilities for dynamical P-parity violation in dense baryon matter in the framework of effective quark models. Dynamical P-parity violation can appear in models with at least two scalar and two pseudoscalar fields, where both scalar fields are condensed at normal conditions. At special configurations of coupling constants, one of pseudoscalar fields can then also condense at some value of baryon density, the phenomenon results in mixing of the scalar and pseudoscalar physical degrees of freedom, hence, giving rise to P-parity violation. We discuss the implications and possibl…
In these Lectures we review the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model as well as some of its extensions that include R-Parity violation. The cases of spontaneous breaking of R-Parity as well as that of explicit violation through bilinear terms in the superpotential are studied in detail. The signals at LEP and the prospects for LHC are discussed.
Supersymmetric scenarios with R-parity conservation are becoming very constrained due to the lack of missing energy signals, thus motivating those scenarios with R-parity violation. In view of this, we consider a supersymmetric model with R-parity violation and extended by an anomalous horizontal $U(1)_H$ symmetry, where a self-consistent framework with baryon-number violation is achieved along with a proper supression for lepton number violating dimension-5 operators in order to keep a proton decay safe. With the introduction of right-handed neutrinos both Dirac and Majorana masses can be acc…
We consider a class of supersymmetric SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1) multihiggs models in which R-parity is violated through bilinear Higgs-lepton interactions. The required, due to R-parity violation, higgs-lepton rotations introduce an alternative way to generate the phenomenologically desirable fermion mass matrix structures independently of the equality of Yukawas, possibly imposed by superstring or other unification.
We analyze the CP violation in the semileptonic | ΔS|=1 tau-decays in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model (SM) with R parity violating term. We show that the CP asymmetry of tau-decay is enhanced significantly and the current experimental limits obtained by CLEO collaborations can be easily accommodated. We argue that observing CP violation in semi leptonic tau-decay would be a clear evidence for R-parity violating SUSY extension of the SM.
The Little Higgs model with T-parity (LHT) belongs to the non-minimal flavour violating model. This model has new sources of flavour and CP violation both in quark and leptonic sectors. These new sources of flavour violation originates by the interaction of Standard Model (SM) fermions with heavy gauge bosons and heavy (or mirror) fermions. In this work we will present the impact of the new flavour structure of T-parity models on flavour violations in leptonic sector.
Recent measurements of CP asymmetry in B --> phi K_S appear to be inconsistent with Standard Model expectations. We explore the effect of R-parity-violating SUSY to understand the data.
The presence of R-parity violating interactions may relieve the tension between existing LHC constraints and natural supersymmetry. In this paper we lay down the theoretical framework and explore models of dynamical R-parity violation in which the breaking of R-parity is communicated to the visible sector by heavy messenger fields. We find that R-parity violation is often dominated by non-holomorphic operators that have so far been largely ignored, and might require a modification of the existing searches at the LHC. The dynamical origin implies that the effects of such operators are suppresse…
Non-Standard-Model parity violation may be occurring in LHC collisions. Any such violation would go unseen, however, as searches are for it are not currently performed. One barrier to searches for parity violation is the lack of model-independent methods sensitive to all of its forms. We remove this barrier by demonstrating an effective and model-independent way to search for parity-violating physics at the LHC. The method is data-driven and makes no reference to any particular parity-violating model. Instead, it inspects data to construct sensitive parity-odd event variables (using machine le…
Is gravity parity violating? Given the recent observations of gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries, we develop a strategy to find an answer with current and future detectors. We identify the key signatures of parity violation in gravitational waves: amplitude birefringence in their propagation and a modified chirping rate in their generation. We then determine the optimal binaries to test the existence of parity violation in gravity, and prioritize the research in modeling that will be required to carry out such tests before detectors reach their design sensitivity.
We point out that in a class of supersymmetric models where R-parity violation is induced by the spontaneous breaking of local $B-L$ symmetry, the R-parity violating $W$ decay $W\rightarrow\slepγ$ and $Z$ decay $Z\rightarrow\snuγ$, forbidden in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), occur at an enhanced rate compared to other models with R-parity breaking. We find that the branching fractions for these modes can be of order $10^{-5}$ .
The leading weak corrections to the production of top quark pairs via $q\bar{q} \to t\bar{t}$ in $p\bar{p}$ collisions are evaluated. The chromo-anapole form factor of the top quark and effects of parity violation are studied in the Standard Model (SM) and the Minimal Supersymmetric Model (MSSM). The parity violation effect in $q\bar{q} \to g \to t\bar{t}$ from the SM weak corrections is found to be very small. In the MSSM, the effects of parity violation can be enhanced for $\tanβ\equiv v_2/v_1 > \sqrt{m_t/m_b}$.
We review different contributions to the neutrino masses in the context of R-parity violating supersymmetry in a basis independent manner. We comment on the generic spectrum expected in such a scenario comparing different contributions.
To explore the discovery possibilities of a high-energy muon-proton collider, we examine signals that could arise from direct-channel formation of supersymmetric-particle resonances through operators that do not respect R-parity.
Parity violation induced by the chromo-anapole form factor of the bottom quark, generated from weak corrections, is studied in polarized hadron collisions. The forward-backward asymmetry in the bottom quark pair production at polarized $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ colliders is evaluated in the Standard Model and in a Two Higgs Doublet Model to examine the effects of parity violation. In the models studied, promising results are found for polarized $p\bar{p}$ colliders.
We explore the consequences of promoting bilinear R-parity violation, usually formulated in the minimal supersymmetric standard model framework, to a supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory. We observe that the limits on proton decay and neutrino mass place tight constraints on the bilinear SU(5) R-parity violating parameters creating a different doublet-triplet issue which cannot be resolved by an extension of the usual fine-tuning in the symmetry breaking scalar sector. If the parameters are made to satisfy the constraints, albeit unnaturally, there remains no room for the possibility to c…
We present full renormalisation group equations for the MSSM with R-parity violation, including all soft supersymmetry breaking terms. The inclusion of dimensionless R-parity violating couplings can generate many possible low energy effects through the generation of off-diagonal soft masses violating lepton and quark flavour, and through the generation of lepton-Higgs mixing. We discuss the relation between the weak and unification scale R-parity violation and study the effects on neutrino mass generation and $μ\to eγ$.
We examine the possibility that the high-Q^2 events seen at HERA are due to the production and decay of squarks of R-parity violating supersymmetry. The relevant R-parity violating coupling(s) is identified and shown to lie between 0.03 and 0.26. Consequences of such a coupling at other experiments, such as the LEP and Tevatron, are discussed.
In this paper we consider the violation of supersymmetric equvalence among the R parity violating couplings $lamabda_{ijk}$ caused by widely split chiral supermultiplets. We find that if $λ^{\prime}_{2jk}=g$ and $λ^{\prime}_{1jk}=e$ then the violation of SUSY equivalence is of the order of $5-6%$ in heavy SQCD models. On the other hand if $λ^{\prime}_{3jk}=g$ and $λ_{ijk}=e$ then the violation of SUSY equivalence can be as large as 9.4% in 2-1 models.
The atomic parity-violation (APV) parameter QW for a nucleus with `n' neutrons and `z' protons has been included in the list of pseudo-observables accessible with the codes TOPAZ0 and ZFITTER. In this way one can add the APV results in the LEP EWWG `global' electroweak fits, checking the corresponding effect when added to the existing precision measurements.
The Minimal Flavor Violation hypothesis (MFV) is extended to the R-parity violating MSSM, supplemented with a simple seesaw mechanism. The requirement of MFV is shown to suppress lepton and baryon-number violating couplings sufficiently to pass all experimental bounds, in particular those for proton decay, and is thus a viable alternative to R-parity. The phenomenological consequences for FCNC, LFV and colliders are briefly discussed. Typically, MFV predicts sizeable baryon-number violation in some characteristic channels, like single stop resonant production.
The minimum supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) without R-parity through various lepton-number violations is investigated systematically. All kinds of possible mixing in the model are formulated precisely. The remarkable issue that the lightest `Higgs' $H_1^0$ may be heavier than the weak-boson $Z$ at tree level is kept, as the special R-parity violation MSSM where only bilinear violation of the lepton numbers is allowed. It is also shown explicitly that there is a freedom $U(n+1)$ ($n$ is the number of the broken lepton-numbers) in re-defining the lepton and Higgs superfields. Feynman rules …
We show that the two scenarios able to explain the HERA anomaly --- a new leptoquark coupling or a new contact interaction --- predict new contributions to atomic parity violation. These corrections are sufficiently large and different that a feasible reduction in the dominant atomic theory uncertainty could give some hint in favour of one of the two scenarios.
