托卡马克等离子体边界重构的容器外磁诊断优化
Optimisation of out-vessel magnetic diagnostics for plasma boundary reconstruction in tokamaks
摘要：
为了改善未来托卡马克反应堆（如ITER）磁场测量的低频谱，已经考虑了几种稳态磁传感器技术。对于所有研究的技术，将传感器放置在真空容器外部并且尽可能远离反应堆堆芯以最小化辐射损伤和温度影响总是有利的，但不至于损害平衡重建的准确性。我们已经研究了在什么程度上增加容器外传感器和等离子体之间的距离可以补偿传感器的精度和/或密度之前的限制所施加的退化的问题是达到。这项研究是专门为瑞士TCV托卡马克，由于其磁性数据的质量和它的能力，以广泛的等离子体形状和偏滤器配置。我们已经扫描了等离子体边界重建误差作为容器外传感器密度、精度和到等离子体的距离的函数。研究的托卡马克放电的瞬态和稳态阶段。我们发现，在一般情况下，有一个广泛的区域中的参数空间，传感器的精度，密度和接近等离子体可以相互交换，以获得所需的精度水平的重建边界，达到一定的限制。外推的结果托卡马克反应堆表明，与传感器内部和外部的真空容器的混合配置可以用来获得一个良好的边界重建在瞬态和平顶的放电，如果容器外磁传感器的足够的密度和精度可以放置在足够远的容器外，以尽量减少辐射损伤。
英文摘要：
To improve the low frequency spectrum of magnetic field measurements of future tokamak reactors such as ITER, several steady state magnetic sensor technologies have been considered. For all the studied technologies it is always advantageous to place the sensors outside the vacuum vessel and as far away from the reactor core to minimize radiation damage and temperature effects, but not so far as to compromise the accuracy of the equilibrium reconstruction. We have studied to what extent increasing the distance between out-vessel sensors and plasma can be compensated for sensor accuracy and/or density before the limit imposed by the degeneracy of the problem is reached. The study is particularized for the Swiss TCV tokamak, due to the quality of its magnetic data and its ability to operate with a wide range of plasma shapes and divertor configurations. We have scanned the plasma boundary reconstruction error as function of out-vessel sensor density, accuracy and distance to the plasma. The study is performed for both the transient and steady state phases of the tokamak discharge. We find that, in general, there is a broad region in the parameter space where sensor accuracy, density and proximity to the plasma can be traded for one another to obtain a desired level of accuracy in the reconstructed boundary, up to some limit. Extrapolation of the results to a tokamak reactor suggests that a hybrid configuration with sensors inside and outside the vacuum vessel could be used to obtain a good boundary reconstruction during both the transient and the flat-top of the discharges, if out-vessel magnetic sensors of sufficient density and accuracy can be placed sufficiently far outside the vessel to minimize radiation damage.
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