Massive stars are known to have a high multiplicity, with examples of higher order multiples among the nearest and best studied objects. In this paper we study hierarchical multiple systems (an inner binary as a component of a wider binary) of massive stars in a clustered environment, in which a system with a size of 100--1000 au will undergo many close encounters during the short lifetime of a massive star. Using two types of N-body experiment we determine the post-formation collision probabilities of these massive hierarchies. We find that, depending on the specifics of the environment, the hierarchy, and the amount of time that is allowed to pass, tens of percent of hierarchies will experience a collision, typically between the two stars of the inner binary. In addition to collisions, clusters hosting a hierarchical massive system produce high velocity runaways at an enhanced rate. The primordial multiplicity specifics of massive stars appear to play a key role in the generation of these relatively small number events in cluster simulations, complicating their use as diagnostics of a cluster's history.
Detailed Simulations of Massive Hierarchical Triple Star Systems - Exploring the impact of the stellar physics on the evolutionary pathways of massive hierarchical triple systems
Effects of a New Triple-α Reaction on the S-process in Massive Stars
首次研究了一个新的三重α反应速率对25 M \odot大质量恒星演化过程中s过程的影响.虽然大质量恒星中的s-过程被认为是建立在只有微小的变化，我们发现，在核心氦燃烧过程中使用新的速率的s-过程是非常低效的情况下与以前的三倍-α速率。然而，过剩生产的差异被发现在很大程度上由随后的碳燃烧补偿。由于大质量恒星中的s过程一直被归因于核心He燃烧过程中的中子辐照，我们的发现揭示了C燃烧对大质量恒星演化过程中s过程的重要性。
Southern Massive Stars at High Angular Resolution (SMaSH+): Properties of hierarchical massive triples
KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学）；Universität zu Köln（科隆大学）；Leuven Gravity Institute, KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学引力研究所）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；naXys Research Institute, Department of Mathematics, University of Namur（纳穆尔大学数学系naXys研究所）；Royal Observatory of Belgium（比利时皇家天文台）；Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内克天文研究所）；GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学GRAPPA研究中心）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（西班牙国家航天技术研究所/西班牙国家科学研究委员会天体生物学中心）
Planet Hunters TESS IV: A massive, compact hierarchical triple star system TIC 470710327
我们报告了一个大规模的，紧凑的，分层的三重系统（TIC 470710327）的发现和分析，最初由公民科学家在美国宇航局的凌日系外行星调查卫星（TESS）获得的数据中确定。用HERMES摄谱仪获得的光谱跟踪观测，结合日食定时变化（ETVs），证实该系统由三颗OB星组成，其中一颗是紧凑的1.10 d食双星，另一颗是在52.04 d轨道上的非食三级星。该系统的动力学模型（来自径向速度和ETVs）揭示了一种罕见的配置，其中第三恒星（O9.5-B0.5V; 14-17 M $_{\odot}$）的质量比内部双星（10.9-13.2 M $_{\odot}$）的质量更大。考虑到第三纪的高质量，我们预测这个系统在未来将经历多个阶段的质量转移，并可能最终成为双中子星引力波的祖先或一个异国情调的索恩-Zytkow对象。进一步的观测特性，这个系统的承诺约束的大质量恒星的形成方案，以及他们的异国情调的进化的最终产品。
Stability of hierarchical triples comprising a central massive body and a tight binary: the effect of inner and outer eccentricities on the binary breakup condition
The ALMA Survey of Star Formation and Evolution in Massive Protoclusters with Blue Profiles (ASSEMBLE): Core Growth, Cluster Contraction, and Primordial Mass Segregation
