螺旋星系臂段结构的自动定量描述
Automated Quantitative Description of Spiral Galaxy Arm-Segment Structure
摘要：
我们描述了一个螺旋星系结构的自动量化系统。这使得将巡天图像转化为所需的数据，以帮助解决基本的天体物理学问题，如螺旋结构的起源-尽管有150年的研究，但这种现象仍然无法进行理论描述（Sellwood 2010）。迄今为止，只有人工努力（如公民科学项目银河动物园）能够提取有关螺旋星系大样本的信息，这一事实突出了自动测量的困难。需要一种自动化的方法来消除测量的主观性，并处理来自不久的将来调查的大量图像（高达数十亿张图像）。我们的方法自动描述螺旋星系结构作为一组弧，精确地描述螺旋臂段的安排，同时保留所需的灵活性，以适应所观察到的各种各样的螺旋星系结构。现有最大的定量测量是手动引导的，包含不到100个星系，而我们已经将我们的方法应用于29，000多个星系。我们的输出与以前的信息相匹配，无论是对现有的小样本进行定量分析，还是对来自Galaxy Zoo的人类分类进行定性分析。
英文摘要：
We describe a system for the automatic quantification of structure in spiral galaxies. This enables translation of sky survey images into data needed to help address fundamental astrophysical questions such as the origin of spiral structure---a phenomenon that has eluded theoretical description despite 150 years of study (Sellwood 2010). The difficulty of automated measurement is underscored by the fact that, to date, only manual efforts (such as the citizen science project Galaxy Zoo) have been able to extract information about large samples of spiral galaxies. An automated approach will be needed to eliminate measurement subjectivity and handle the otherwise-overwhelming image quantities (up to billions of images) from near-future surveys. Our approach automatically describes spiral galaxy structure as a set of arcs, precisely describing spiral arm segment arrangement while retaining the flexibility needed to accommodate the observed wide variety of spiral galaxy structure. The largest existing quantitative measurements were manually-guided and encompassed fewer than 100 galaxies, while we have already applied our method to more than 29,000 galaxies. Our output matches previous information, both quantitatively over small existing samples, and qualitatively against human classifications from Galaxy Zoo.
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