质子中子星中彩色超导液滴的成核速率
Nucleation rate of color superconducting droplets in protoneutron stars
摘要：
我们分析了在质子中子星条件下夸克物质液滴的成核。我们采用两相框架，其中强子相通过非线性Walecka模型描述，而刚刚取消限定的物质通过包括色超导性的MIT袋模型描述。表面张力和曲率能计算自洽内的MRE形式主义。我们在过渡期间施加味道守恒，这意味着刚刚解除限制的夸克液滴相对于弱相互作用暂时脱离平衡。我们的研究结果表明，被困中微子略有增加临界密度解除禁闭和颜色超导显着降低这种密度在低温下。我们还表明，成核率是可以忽略不计的液滴大于100-200微米，是巨大的较小的液滴，只要温度足够低。我们比较我们的结果与以前的计算使用Nambu-Jona-Lasinio模型与颜色超导性和MIT袋模型没有颜色超导性。我们的结论是，解除禁闭过渡应该瞬间触发时，密度略大于体跃迁密度达到在质子中子星的某些层。由于色超导性降低了低温下的跃迁密度，因此在质量足够大的质子中子星中，跃迁很可能在显着冷却后发生。
英文摘要：
We analyse the nucleation of quark matter droplets under protoneutron star conditions. We adopt a two-phase framework in which the hadronic phase is described through a non-linear Walecka model and the just deconfined matter by the MIT bag model including color superconductivity. Surface tension and curvature energy are calculated self-consistently within the MRE formalism. We impose flavour conservation during the transition, which means that the just deconfined quark droplet is transiently out of equilibrium with respect to weak interactions. Our results show that trapped neutrinos slightly increase the critical density for deconfinement and that color superconductivity significantly decreases such density at low temperatures. We also show that the nucleation rate is negligible for droplets larger than 100-200 fm and is huge for smaller droplets provided that the temperature is low enough. We compare our results with previous calculations using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with color superconductivity and the MIT bag model without color superconductivity. We conclude that the deconfinement transition should be triggered instantaneously when a density slightly larger than the bulk transition density is reached at some layer of a protoneutron star. Since color superconductivity lowers the transition density at low temperatures, the transition is likely to occur after significant cooling in a massive enough protoneutron star.
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