南极洲沃斯托克湖稀有气体和生物相关气体丰度
On the abundances of noble and biologically relevant gases in Lake Vostok, Antarctica
摘要：
出于比较的可能性，湖东方的成分与未来的原位测量的理论预测，我们调查的包合物，预计在这种环境中形成的空气供应到湖的融冰的组合物。为了建立最好的可能的湖水组成与空气笼形物原位形成之间的相关性，我们使用的统计热力学模型的基础上的描述的客人-笼形物的相互作用的球形平均Kihara潜在的潜在参数的名义设置。我们确定的逸度不同的挥发物存在于湖中定义一个“伪”纯物质溶解在水中拥有的混合物的平均性能，并通过使用Redlich-Kwong状态方程来模拟其热力学行为。在我们的模型中，不考虑笼形结构，我们发现，氙和氪在湖水中强烈贫（氙的比例在0.04- 0.1范围内，氪的比例在$\sim$ 0.15- 0.3范围内），与它们的大气丰度相比。与大气丰度相比，东方湖水中的氩和甲烷也分别减少了0.5- 0.95和0.3- 0.5倍。另一方面，发现湖水中二氧化碳的丰度比大气中的丰度高得多（在200个停留时间内，在1.6- 5的范围内）。我们预测的CO $_2$和CH $_4$摩尔分数在东方湖与未来的原位测量的比较，将允许解开可能的供应来源之间的纠缠。
英文摘要：
Motivated by the possibility of comparing theoretical predictions of Lake Vostok's composition with future in situ measurements, we investigate the composition of clathrates that are expected to form in this environment from the air supplied to the lake by melting ice. In order to establish the best possible correlation between the lake water composition with that of air clathrates formed in situ, we use a statistical thermodynamic model based on the description of the guest-clathrate interaction by a spherically averaged Kihara potential with a nominal set of potential parameters. We determine the fugacities of the different volatiles present in the lake by defining a "pseudo" pure substance dissolved in water owning the average properties of the mixture and by using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state to mimic its thermodynamic behavior. Irrespective of the clathrate structure considered in our model, we find that xenon and krypton are strongly impoverished in the lake water (a ratio in the 0.04--0.1 range for xenon and a ratio in the $\sim$0.15--0.3 range for krypton), compared to their atmospheric abundances. Argon and methane are also found depleted in the Lake Vostok water by factors in the 0.5--0.95 and 0.3--0.5 ranges respectively, compared to their atmospheric abundances. On the other hand, the carbone dioxide abundance is found substantially enriched in the lake water compared to its atmospheric abundance (by a factor in the 1.6--5 range at 200 residence times). The comparison of our predictions of the CO$_2$ and CH$_4$ mole fractions in Lake Vostok with future in situ measurements will allow disentangling between the possible supply sources.
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