库仑场传播速度的测量
Measuring Propagation Speed of Coulomb Fields
摘要：
引力传播的问题已经讨论了很长时间：牛顿、拉普拉斯和相对更现代的爱丁顿指出，如果引力以有限的速度传播，行星围绕太阳的运动将变得不稳定，这是由于引力相互作用的时间滞后产生的扭矩。在电磁学中，当人们计算由一组均匀运动的电荷产生的电场的传播时，也可以发现这种奇怪的行为。事实上，利那-魏歇特延迟势导出的公式与假定电场以无穷大速度传播时得到的公式没有区别。费曼对这个明显的悖论的解释是基于匀速运动无限期持续的事实。为了验证这一解释，我们进行了一个实验来测量由均匀移动的电子束产生的电场的时间/空间演化。我们得到的结果在这样一个有限寿命的运动状态似乎兼容的电场刚性进行的光束本身。
英文摘要：
The problem of gravity propagation has been subject of discussion for quite a long time: Newton, Laplace and, in relatively more modern times, Eddington pointed out that, if gravity propagated with finite velocity, planets motion around the sun would become unstable due to a torque originating from time lag of the gravitational interactions. Such an odd behavior can be found also in electromagnetism, when one computes the propagation of the electric fields generated by a set of uniformly moving charges. As a matter of fact the Liénard-Weichert retarded potential leads to a formula indistinguishable from the one obtained assuming that the electric field propagates with infinite velocity. Feyman explanation for this apparent paradox was based on the fact that uniform motions last indefinitely. To verify such an explanation, we performed an experiment to measure the time/space evolution of the electric field generated by an uniformely moving electron beam. The results we obtain on such a finite lifetime kinematical state seem compatible with an electric field rigidly carried by the beam itself.
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