Hundreds of stellar-mass black holes likely form in a typical globular star cluster, with all but one predicted to be ejected through dynamical interactions. Some observational support for this idea is provided by the lack of X-ray-emitting binary stars comprising one black hole and one other star ("black-hole/X-ray binaries") in Milky Way globular clusters, even though many neutron-star/X-ray binaries are known. Although a few black holes have been seen in globular clusters around other galaxies, the masses of these cannot be determined, and some may be intermediate-mass black holes that form through exotic mechanisms. Here we report the presence of two flat-spectrum radio sources in the Milky Way globular cluster M22, and we argue that these objects are black holes of stellar mass (each ~ 10-20 times more massive than the Sun) that are accreting matter. We find a high ratio of radio-to-X-ray flux for these black holes, consistent with the larger predicted masses of black holes in globular clusters compared to those outside. The identification of two black holes in one cluster shows that the ejection of black holes is not as efficient as predicted by most models, and we argue that M22 may contain a total population of ~ 5-100 black holes. The large core radius of M22 could arise from heating produced by the black holes.
Intermediate mass black holes in globular clusters: effects on jerks and jounces of millisecond pulsars
球状星团的中心可能有中等质量的黑洞。在这里,我们提出了一种新的方法,他们的识别使用毫秒脉冲(MSP)作为探针。我们表明,测量的第一(挺举)和第二(颠簸)衍生物的合奏的MSP的加速度将让我们推断的IMBH的存在下,在一个球状星团比测量的唯一加速度。我们通过模拟一组有和没有中央IMBH的星团来测试这一概念,以提取恒星颠簸和颠簸的分布。然后,我们将这种技术应用于银河系球状星团47 Tuccino的MSP系综。目前的时间观测不足以限制IMBH的存在,只能用来确定其质量的上限。但是,通过几年的观测,将有可能测试质量小于$\sim$ 1000 M $_{\odot}$的中央IMBH的存在。我们的结论是,颠簸和颠簸有助于显着降低银河系球状星团的IMBHs的质量上限。
Deep $Chandra$ observations of the NGC 4472 globular cluster black hole XMMU 122939.7+075333: Short term variability from the first globular cluster black hole binary
本文讨论了最近在球状星团中发现的第一个黑洞XMMU 122939.7+075333深空观测的光度调制和光谱分析结果。该源已被多次探测到,通常L $_X$ > 10 $^{39}$ erg s $^{-1}$,但在2010年的一次观测中已消退至L $_X$ ~ 10 $^{38}$ erg s $^{-1}$。在我们2011年的观测中,它重新变亮为L $_X$ ~ 2 × 10 $^{39}$ erg s $^{-1}$。这种在相对较短的时间内光度显著增加的现象,与先前认为XMMU 122939.7+075333所显示的长期通量调制是由Kozai机制单独引起的观点并不一致。相反,考虑到光源在其光变曲线中表现出“尖峰”行为,2010年的昏暗似乎是一次短暂观测的结果,没有捕捉到任何明亮的时期。我们还发现,当源比平均值亮时,它具有过量的软($<$ 0.7 keV)光子。光谱分析揭示了强有力的,虽然依赖于模型,证据表明,从高度电离氧(O VIII)的排放时,源是比平均亮度。
Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters
有报道称可能在球状星团(GC)中探测到中等质量黑洞(IMBH)。从经验上看,椭圆星系、螺旋星系的“伪核”和经典核球的平均速度色散与中心超大质量黑洞(SMBH)质量之间存在着密切的相关性。我们探索这样一个可能的相关性IMBHs在球形GC。在我们的广义多变GCs自相似准静态动力学演化模型中,提出了一个形成IMBH的判据。关键的结果是M(BH)= L o^1/(1-n),其中M(BH)是IMBH质量,o是GC平均恒星速度,L是系数,2/3 < n < 1。