The heavy-ion collisions can produce extremely strong transient magnetic and electric fields. We study the azimuthal fluctuation of these fields and their correlations with the also fluctuating matter geometry (characterized by the participant plane harmonics) using event-by-event simulations. A sizable suppression of the angular correlations between the magnetic field and the 2nd and 4th harmonic participant planes is found in very central and very peripheral collisions, while the magnitudes of these correlations peak around impact parameter b~8-10 fm for RHIC collisions. This can lead to notable impacts on a number of observables related to various magnetic field induced effects, and our finding suggests that the optimal event class for measuring them should be that corresponding to b~8-10 fm.
The effects of event-by-event fluctuations in the initial geometry of the colliding nuclei are important in the analysis of final flow observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We use hydrodynamic simulations to study the amplitude correlations between different orders of event-by-event fluctuating anisotropic flow harmonics. While the general trends seen in the experimental data are qualitatively reproduced by the model, deviations in detail, in particular for peripheral collisions, point to the need for more elaborate future calculations with a hybrid approach that describes the late…
A rapidly expanding fireball which undergoes first-order phase transition will supercool and proceed via spinodal decomposition. Hadrons are produced from the individual fragments as well as the left-over matter filling the space between them. Emission from fragments should be visible in rapidity correlations, particularly of protons. In addition to that, even within narrow centrality classes, rapidity distributions will be fluctuating from one event to another in case of fragmentation. This can be identified with the help of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Finally, we present a method which allows t…
We explore the effects of event-by-event fluctuations of Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii and show how they can be observed experimentally. The relation of measured HBT radii extracted from ensemble-averaged correlation functions to the mean of their event-by-event probability distribution is clarified. We propose a method to experimentally determine the mean and variance of this distribution and test it on an ensemble of fluctuating events generated with the viscous hydrodynamic code VISH2+1. Using the same code, the sensitivity of the mean and variance of the HBT radii to the specific QGP she…
Early-Time Dynamics of Heavy-Ion Collisions through Energy Correlators: celestial blocks and the spacetime structure of out-of-equilibrium QCD matter
CERN(欧洲核子研究中心);LIP(葡萄牙粒子与核物理研究所);Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa(里斯本大学高等理工学院);University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU(巴斯克地区大学);IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science(伊克尔巴斯基奎,巴斯克科学基金会);Universidad de Granada(格拉纳达大学)
Hydrodynamic calculations of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions are performed using the iEBE-VISHNU 2+1D code with fluctuating initial conditions and three different parameterizations of the Lattice QCD equations of state: continuum extrapolations for stout and HISQ/tree actions, as well as the s95p-v1 parameterization based upon calculations using the p4 action. All parameterizations are matched to a hadron resonance gas equation of state at T = 155 MeV, at which point the calculations are continued using the UrQMD hadronic cascade. Calculations for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV Au+Au collisio…