爬行动物无肢运动的表面结构与摩擦调节
On Surface Structure and Friction Regulation in Reptilian Limbless Locomotion
摘要：
控制摩擦和相关能量损失的一种方式是在摩擦部件的表面上设计确定性的结构图案（即，纹理工程）。定制纹理可提高润滑质量，减少摩擦，并允许使用粘度较低的润滑剂。到目前为止，一个标准化的程序来生成确定性的纹理构造几乎是不存在的。因此，许多工程师研究自然物种，以探索表面结构，并探索表面形貌在摩擦控制中的作用。Snakes提供了丰富的曲面示例，其中拓扑特征允许优化和控制摩擦行为。在本文中，我们研究了一个大蟒蛇型爬行动物，蟒蛇regius的摩擦行为。该研究采用了一种专门设计的摩擦声探头，能够测量摩擦系数和检测体内皮肤的声学行为。结果证实了蛇皮摩擦响应的各向异性。摩擦系数取决于滑动的方向：向前运动时的值低于反向运动时的值。对蛇的表面微结构特征的详细分析表明，蛇的摩擦响应是由表面拓扑结构的层次性、表面微结构的轮廓不对称性以及不同部位接触尺度曲率的变化共同决定的。这样的组合为爬行动物提供了优化摩擦反应的能力。
英文摘要：
One way of controlling friction and associated energy losses is to engineer a deterministic structural pattern on the surface of the rubbing parts (i.e., texture engineering). Custom texturing enhances the quality of lubrication, reduces friction, and allows the use of lubricants of lower viscosity. To date, a standardized procedure to generate deterministic texture constructs is virtually non-existent. Many engineers, therefore, study natural species to explore surface construction and to probe the role surface topography assumes in friction control. Snakes offer rich examples of surfaces where topological features allow the optimization and control of frictional behavior. In this paper, we investigate the frictional behavior of a constrictor type reptile, Python regius. The study employed a specially designed tribo-acoustic probe capable of measuring the coefficient of friction and detecting the acoustical behavior of the skin in vivo. The results confirm the anisotropy of the frictional response of snakeskin. The coefficient of friction depends on the direction of sliding: the value in forward motion is lower than that in the converse direction. Detailed analysis of the surface metrological feature reveal that tuning frictional response in snakes originates from the hierarchical nature of surface topology combined to the profile asymmetry of surface micro-features, and the variation of the curvature of the contacting scales at different body regions. Such a combination affords the reptile the ability to optimize the frictional response.
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