在s波配对耦合的无自旋费米子的飞行时间图像中看到Majorana费米子
Seeing Majorana fermions in time-of-flight images of spinless fermions coupled by s-wave pairing
摘要：
陈数nu作为一个拓扑不变量，它表示粒子-空穴空间中基态的缠绕，是一个确定的理论特征，它决定了一个给定的超导系统是否能支持马约拉纳零模。在这里，我们表明，这样的绕组可以忠实地识别任何超导系统（p波或s波与自旋轨道耦合）通过一组飞行时间测量，使其成为诊断工具，也在实际的冷原子实验。作为应用，我们专门的手征拓扑模型的无自旋费米子的测量方案。所提出的模型只需要实验上可访问的s波配对和交错隧穿，模仿自旋轨道耦合。通过将此模型与Kitaev的蜂窝晶格模型联系起来，我们发现它产生了nu = \pm 1相，其中涡旋结合了Majorana费米子，nu= \pm 2相作为这种涡旋的独特集体状态出现。因此，这些阶段的准备和检测他们的陈数提供了一个明确的签名的存在马约拉纳模式。最后，我们证明了我们的检测过程是弹性的实验控制参数以及有限的温度对大多数不准确。
英文摘要：
The Chern number, nu, as a topological invariant that identifies the winding of the ground state in the particle-hole space, is a definitive theoretical signature that determines whether a given superconducting system can support Majorana zero modes. Here we show that such a winding can be faithfully identified for any superconducting system (p-wave or s-wave with spin-orbit coupling) through a set of time-of-flight measurements, making it a diagnostic tool also in actual cold atom experiments. As an application, we specialize the measurement scheme for a chiral topological model of spinless fermions. The proposed model only requires the experimentally accessible s-wave pairing and staggered tunnelling that mimics spin-orbit coupling. By adiabatically connecting this model to Kitaev's honeycomb lattice model, we show that it gives rise to nu = \pm 1 phases, where vortices bind Majorana fermions, and nu=\pm 2 phases that emerge as the unique collective state of such vortices. Hence, the preparation of these phases and the detection of their Chern numbers provide an unambiguous signature for the presence of Majorana modes. Finally, we demonstrate that our detection procedure is resilient against most inaccuracies in experimental control parameters as well as finite temperature.
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