推断宁静太阳中的磁场矢量。II。斯托克斯剖面反演结果的解释
Inferring the magnetic field vector in the quiet Sun. II. Interpreting results from the inversion of Stokes profiles
摘要：
在以前的论文中，我们认为，斯托克斯配置文件的反演应用于太阳互联网的光谱偏振观测产生不切实际的大值的磁场矢量（$γ$）的倾斜。这是因为斯托克斯$Q$和$U$中的光子噪声被反演码解释为有效信号，这导致横向分量$B_\perp$的高估，从而导致倾角$γ$的高估。然而，我们的研究是基于对线性偏振信号的分析，其特征在于只有不相关的噪声。在本文中，我们进一步发展了这一想法，并研究了斯托克斯$Q$和$U$配置文件，也显示相关噪声的影响。此外，我们将我们的研究扩展到磁场矢量的三个分量，以及磁填充因子$α$。有了这个，我们确认的倾向，高估$γ$反转线性偏振配置文件时，虽然非零，仍然低于噪声水平。我们还建立了高估主要发生在磁场接近垂直的$γ\lesssim 20°$。这表明仅通过分析斯托克斯$I$和$V$不能实现对磁场矢量的倾斜的可靠推断。另外，当反转低于噪声的斯托克斯$Q$和$U$分布时，反转码检索磁场矢量$ϕ$的方位角的随机均匀分布。为了避免这些问题，我们建议只反转斯托克斯轮廓的线性偏振信号是充分高于噪声水平。然而，这种方法也是有偏差的，因为尽管允许从所选斯托克斯分布非常精确地检索磁场矢量，但它仅选择由高度倾斜的磁场产生的分布。
英文摘要：
In a previous paper, we argued that the inversion of Stokes profiles applied to spectropolarimetric observations of the solar internetwork yield unrealistically large values of the inclination of the magnetic field vector ($γ$). This is because photon noise in Stokes $Q$ and $U$ are interpreted by the inversion code as valid signals, that leads to an overestimation of the transverse component $B_\perp$, thus the inclination $γ$. However, our study was based on the analysis of linear polarization signals that featured only uncorrelated noise. In this paper, we develop this idea further and study this effect in Stokes $Q$ and $U$ profiles that also show correlated noise. In addition, we extend our study to the three components of the magnetic field vector, as well as the magnetic filling factor $α$. With this, we confirm the tendency to overestimate $γ$ when inverting linear polarization profiles that, although non-zero, are still below the noise level. We also establish that the overestimation occurs mainly for magnetic fields that are nearly vertical $γ\lesssim 20°$. This indicates that a reliable inference of the inclination of the magnetic field vector cannot be achieved by analyzing only Stokes $I$ and $V$. In addition, when inverting Stokes $Q$ and $U$ profiles below the noise, the inversion code retrieves a randomly uniform distribution of the azimuth of the magnetic field vector $ϕ$. To avoid these problems, we propose only inverting Stokes profiles for which the linear polarization signals are sufficiently above the noise level. However, this approach is also biased because, in spite of allowing for a very accurate retrieval of the magnetic field vector from the selected Stokes profiles, it selects only profiles arising from highly inclined magnetic fields.
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