Photuris萤火虫生物发光灯笼中光提取的改进
Improved light extraction in the bioluminescent lantern of a Photuris firefly (Lampyridae)
摘要：
从均匀高折射率介质发射到空气中的光源的常见问题是光子通过全内反射的损失。生物发光的有机体，以及人工装置，都必须面对这个问题。人们期望，生命及其进化机制会选择适当的光学结构来解决这个问题，至少部分地解决这个问题。研究了萤火虫属一种特殊萤火虫的灯笼形态。该灯笼的不同部分的光学特性已经被建模，以确定它们对全局光提取的正面或负面影响。我们得出的结论是，灯笼结构中最有效的部分是外部鳞片的不匹配（在空气中产生突然的粗糙度）和光细胞簇水平上折射率的降低，生物发光发生在那里。
英文摘要：
A common problem of light sources emitting from an homogeneous high-refractive index medium into air is the loss of photons by total internal reflection. Bioluminescent organisms, as well as artificial devices, have to face this problem. It is expected that life, with its mechanisms for evolution, would have selected appropriate optical structures to get around this problem, at least partially. The morphology of the lantern of a specific firefly in the genus Photuris has been examined. The optical properties of the different parts of this lantern have been modeled, in order to determine their positive or adverse effect with regard to the global light extraction. We conclude that the most efficient pieces of the lantern structure are the misfit of the external scales (which produce abrupt roughness in air) and the lowering of the refractive index at the level of the cluster of photocytes, where the bioluminescent production takes place.
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