杂交物种中的嵌合蛋白质复合物产生新的进化表型
Chimeric protein complexes in hybrid species generate novel evolutionary phenotypes
摘要：
物种间的杂交是新谱系起源和适应新环境的重要机制。增加的等位基因变异和转录网络的修饰是目前公认的两种力量，被认为是杂种中所见表型特性的原因。然而，由于细胞中的大多数生物学功能是由蛋白质复合物完成的，因此种间蛋白质组装体代表了进化力量可以作用的自然变异的另一个重要来源。在这里，我们研究了6个蛋白质复合物在两个不同的酵母“狭义”杂交组合，以了解嵌合相互作用是否可以在细胞中自由形成，尽管物种特异性的共同进化的力量，以及不同类型的复合物是否会导致杂交适应性的变化。通过亲和色谱法从杂交体中分离蛋白组装体，并通过质谱法鉴定。我们发现了四个测试的六个蛋白质组件的自发嵌合性的证据，我们表明，不同类型的复合物可以在选定的环境中引起各种表型。在TRP 2/TRP 3复合物的情况下，这种嵌合形成的效果导致杂交体在缺乏色氨酸的环境中的适应性优势，而只有一种类型的MBF复合物的亲本组合可以赋予杂交体在呼吸条件下的活力。这项研究提供了经验证据，嵌合蛋白质复合物可以在细胞中自由组装，并揭示了一种新的机制，产生表型新颖性和可塑性的杂交，以补充基因复制导致的基因组创新。就基因丢失模式而言，交换直系同源成员的能力对于杂种的适应和随后的基因组进化也具有重要影响。
英文摘要：
Hybridization between species is an important mechanism for the origin of novel lineages and adaptation to new environments. Increased allelic variation and modification of the transcriptional network are the two recognized forces currently deemed to be responsible for the phenotypic properties seen in hybrids. However, since the majority of the biological functions in a cell are carried out by protein complexes, inter-specific protein assemblies therefore represent another important source of natural variation upon which evolutionary forces can act. Here we studied the composition of six protein complexes in two different Saccharomyces "sensu strictu" hybrids, to understand whether chimeric interactions can be freely formed in the cell in spite of species-specific co-evolutionary forces, and whether the different types of complexes cause a change in hybrid fitness. The protein assemblies were isolated from the hybrids via affinity chromatography and identified via mass spectrometry. We found evidence of spontaneous chimericity for four of the six protein assemblies tested and we showed that different types of complexes can cause a variety of phenotypes in selected environments. In the case of TRP2/TRP3 complex, the effect of such chimeric formation resulted in the fitness advantage of the hybrid in an environment lacking tryptophan, while only one type of parental combination of the MBF complex could confer viability to the hybrid under respiratory conditions. This study provides empirical evidence that chimeric protein complexes can freely assemble in cells and reveals a new mechanism to generate phenotypic novelty and plasticity in hybrids to complement the genomic innovation resulting from gene duplication. The ability to exchange orthologous members has also important implications for the adaptation and subsequent genome evolution of the hybrids in terms of pattern of gene loss.
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