模块化是重组如此普遍的原因吗？
Is modularity the reason why recombination is so ubiquitous?
摘要：
同源重组是生物有机体进化过程中的一个重要算子。然而，对于它为什么存在以及在什么情况下有用，仍然没有明确的、普遍接受的理解。在本文中，我们考虑其效用的背景下，一个无限人口的选择和同源重组的单倍体模型。我们定义效用的两个指标-增加频率的适合基因型，并增加平均人口健身，相对于那些与选择只。解释性地，我们详尽地探索了一个两位点两等位基因系统的八维参数空间，显示出，作为景观和初始群体的函数，重组在我们的度量方面在两个不同的制度中是有益的：景观独立制度-“搜索”制度-其中重组有助于搜索在群体中不存在或频率低的合适基因型;和“模块化”制度，与低上位性的准加法适应度景观相关，其中重组允许适应“模块”或构建块的并置。因此，我们得出结论，重组的普遍性和实用性与生物适应度景观中模块化的存在密切相关。
英文摘要：
Homologous recombination is an important operator in the evolution of biological organisms. However, there is still no clear, generally accepted understanding of why it exists and under what circumstances it is useful. In this paper we consider its utility in the context of an infinite population haploid model with selection and homologous recombination. We define utility in terms of two metrics - the increase in frequency of fit genotypes, and the increase in average population fitness, relative to those associated with selection only. Explicitly, we exhaustively explore the eight-dimensional parameter space of a two-locus two-allele system, showing, as a function of the landscape and the initial population, that recombination is beneficial in terms of our metrics in two distinct regimes: a landscape independent regime - the "search" regime - where recombination aids in the search for a fit genotype that is absent or at low frequency in the population; and the "modular" regime, associated with quasi-additive fitness landscapes with low epistasis, where recombination allows for the juxtaposition of fit "modules" or Building Blocks. Thus, we conclude that the ubiquity and utility of recombination is intimately associated with the existence of modularity in biological fitness landscapes.
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