一个国家的竞争力与财富
The competitiveness versus the wealth of a country
摘要：
世界各地的政客经常承诺为公民提供更好的生活。我们发现，一个国家将在十年内提高其{ \it人均} GDP（{ \it gdp}）排名的概率遵循衰减常数为$λ= 0.12$的指数分布。我们使用的腐败感知指数（CPI）和全球竞争力指数（GCI），并发现在CPI（GCI）排名的变化的分布遵循指数函数与$λ$近似相同的指数，这表明{ \it gdp}，CPI和GCI的动态可能有相同的起源。使用GCI，我们开发了一个新的措施，我们称之为相对竞争力，以评估一个经济体的竞争力相对于其{ \it gdp}。对于所有欧洲和欧盟国家，在2008-2011年的经济衰退期间，我们发现，竞争力较强的国家的{ \it gdp}相对于{ \it gdp}的下降幅度远小于竞争力相对较弱的国家，这对政策制定者来说是有价值的信息。
英文摘要：
Politicians world-wide frequently promise a better life for their citizens. We find that the probability that a country will increase its {\it per capita} GDP ({\it gdp}) rank within a decade follows an exponential distribution with decay constant $λ= 0.12$. We use the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and find that the distribution of change in CPI (GCI) rank follows exponential functions with approximately the same exponent as $λ$, suggesting that the dynamics of {\it gdp}, CPI, and GCI may share the same origin. Using the GCI, we develop a new measure, which we call relative competitiveness, to evaluate an economy's competitiveness relative to its {\it gdp}. For all European and EU countries during the 2008-2011 economic downturn we find that the drop in {\it gdp} in more competitive countries relative to {\it gdp} was substantially smaller than in relatively less competitive countries, which is valuable information for policymakers.
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