Radial velocity measurements can be used to constrain the dynamical state of a stellar cluster. However, for clusters with velocity dispersions smaller than a few km/s the observed radial velocity distribution tends to be dominated by the orbital motions of binaries rather than the stellar motions through the potential well of the cluster. Our goal is to characterize the intrinsic velocity distribution of a cluster from a single epoch of radial velocity data, even for a cluster with a velocity dispersion of a fraction of a km/s, using a maximum likelihood procedure. Assuming a period, mass ratio, and eccentricity distribution for the binaries in the observed cluster this procedure fits a dynamical model describing the velocity distribution for the single stars and center of masses of the binaries, simultaneously with the radial velocities caused by binary orbital motions, using all the information available in the observed velocity distribution. We find that the fits to the intrinsic velocity distribution depend only weakly on the binary properties assumed, so the uncertainty in the fitted parameters tends to be dominated by statistical uncertainties. Based on Monte Carlo simulations we provide an estimate of how these statistical uncertainties vary with the velocity dispersion, binary fraction, and the number of observed stars, which can be used to estimate the sample size needed to reach a specific accuracy. Finally we test the method on the well-studied open cluster NGC 188, showing that it can reproduce a velocity dispersion of only 0.5 km/s using a single epoch of the multi-epoch radial velocity data. If the binary period, mass ratio, and eccentricity distribution of the observed stars are roughly known, this procedure can be used to correct for the effect of binary orbital motions on an observed velocity distribution. [Abridged]
Bayesian analysis of Gaia epoch astrometry and radial velocities with kima
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交大李政道研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学物理与天文学院）；Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève（日内瓦大学天文台）
Characterizing the Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere Stars HD 345439 and HD 23478
SDSS III APOGEE巡天最近发现了两个新的$σ$ Ori E型候选者，HD 345439和HD 23478，它们是快速旋转的大质量恒星的罕见子集，它们的大（kGauss）磁场将星周物质限制在这些系统周围。我们对来自KELT、SuperWASP和ASAS巡天的HD 345439的多历元光度观测的分析揭示了每个数据集中存在$\sim$ 0.7701天的周期，这表明该系统是已知的更快的$σ$ Ori E类似物之一。我们还看到了明确的证据表明，H-α，H I布拉开系线，和He I线的强度也变化的$\sim$ 0.7701天的周期，从我们的分析多历元，多波长光谱监测系统的APO 3.5米望远镜。我们跟踪系统中的选择发射线轮廓的演变，并观察相干线轮廓的变化，在光学和红外线H I线，预期刚性旋转磁层恒星。我们还分析了HD23478在SDSS-Ⅲ APOGEE多历元观测中的H I Br-11谱线强度和谱线轮廓的演化。所观察到的周期性行为与Sikora及其合作者最近在光谱中报道的一致。
Radial and Rotational Velocities of a Volume-Complete Sample of M Dwarfs with Masses 0.1-0.3 Msun within 15 parsecs
Bridgewater State University（布里奇沃特州立大学）；Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究所）；Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天文学研究所）
Differential velocity cumulative distribution (DVCD): an efficient statistical method for binary-star analysis in large stellar catalogues using radial velocities
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Detecting and Characterizing Companions with a Calibrated Gaia DR2, DR3, and Hipparcos Catalog (G23H)
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics（国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天文学与天体物理学研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria（维多利亚大学物理与天文系）；Heising-Simons Foundation（海辛-西蒙斯基金会）；Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校地球、行星与空间科学系）；Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校物理系）；Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校天文与天体物理学系）；Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University（新墨西哥州立大学天文系）
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXI. Magnetic activity cycles in solar-type stars: statistics and impact on precise radial velocities
上下文通过径向速度测量寻找太阳系外行星依赖于恒星光球的稳定性。目标。我们的目标是表征磁活动周期的统计特性，并研究它们对光谱测量的影响，如径向速度，线平分线和线形。方法.我们使用的数据从HARPS高精度行星搜索样本包括304 FGK恒星超过7年。我们获得高精度的Ca II H & K色球活动测量，并将其转换为R'HK指数使用更新的校准考虑到恒星金属丰度。我们研究R'HK变异作为时间的函数，并寻找可能的相关性与径向速度和线形参数。结果我们根据Ca II H & K变化的幅度和时间尺度对恒星进行分类，并尽可能确定活动周期。我们发现，在太阳附近，39 +/-8%的老太阳型恒星没有任何活动周期（或者只有非常弱的活动周期），而61 +/-8%的恒星有活动周期。非循环星几乎只在G矮星中发现，平均活动水平log R'HK <-4.95。磁周期振幅一般随活动水平的降低而降低。相当一部分恒星的径向速度和线形参数与活动周期相关，表现出很小的变化。径向速度对磁循环的敏感性随着温度的升高而增加，而晚K矮星几乎不敏感。结论.活动周期确实会引起长周期、低幅度的径向速度变化，其水平高达~25 m/s。因此，在寻找长周期系外行星时必须谨慎。然而，这些影响可以被校正到高精度的径向速度数据，同时测量钙II H & K通量和线形参数的去趋势。（节录）
