通过程序强制实现胶体物体的完全对准
Full alignment of colloidal objects by programmed forcing
摘要：
通过分析和模拟，我们展示了两种方法，实现一组相同的，不对称的胶体物体随机分散在流体中的完全取向对齐。在恒定场中的沉降或电泳可以导致部分对准，其中物体围绕共同的体轴旋转，但是这些物体的旋转相位是随机的。我们表明，这种相位紊乱可以通过两种形式的编程强迫。首先，简单地在两个方向之间交替施加力可以任意地减少方向的统计熵。第二，类似于磁共振，向所施加的场添加小的旋转分量可以导致对象取向的相位锁定。我们确定了一个广泛的类通用对象的对齐条件，并讨论了实际的限制。
英文摘要：
By analysis and simulation we demonstrate two methods for achieving complete orientational alignment of a set of identical, asymmetric colloidal objects dispersed randomly in a fluid. Sedimentation or electrophoresis in a constant field can lead to partial alignment, in which the objects rotate about a common body axis, but the phases of rotation for these objects are random. We show that this phase disorder can be removed by two forms of programmed forcing. First, simply alternating the forcing between two directions reduces the statistical entropy of the orientation arbitrarily. Second, addition of a small rotating component to the applied field in analogy to magnetic resonance can lead to phase locking of the objects' orientation. We identify conditions for alignment of a broad class of generic objects and discuss practical limitations.
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