一维拓扑超导体中隐零模引起的2π相位滑移的抑制
Suppression of 2π phase-slip due to hidden zero modes in one dimensional topological superconductors
摘要：
我们研究一维拓扑超导导线中的相位滑移。这些导线已经被提议作为拓扑保护量子比特的构建块，其中量子信息分布在设备的长度上，因此不受局部退相干源的影响。然而，相位滑移是可以导致退相干的非局部事件。拓扑超导体中的相位滑移是特殊的，因为它们以4π的倍数发生（而不是传统超导体中的2π）。我们通过一个漂亮的类比来重新建立这一事实，通过明确地在2π相位滑移背景下计算的费米子谱中找到一个“隐藏”的零模，来实现粒子物理学中动态对称破缺的概念。武装与拓扑超导体中的相位滑移的理解，我们提出了一个简单的实验装置，可以通过监测超导通量量子通过拓扑超导线的隧穿率来测试的预测。
英文摘要：
We study phase slips in one-dimensional topological superconducting wires. These wires have been proposed as building blocks for topologically protected qubits in which the quantum information is distributed over the length of the device and thus is immune to local sources of decoherence. However, phase-slips are non-local events that can result in decoherence. Phase slips in topological superconductors are peculiar for the reason that they occur in multiples of 4π (instead of 2π in conventional superconductors). We re-establish this fact via a beautiful analogy to the particle physics concept of dynamic symmetry breaking by explicitly finding a "hidden" zero mode in the fermion spectrum computed in the background of a 2π phase-slip. Armed with the understanding of phase-slips in topological superconductors, we propose a simple experimental setup with which the predictions can be tested by monitoring tunneling rate of a superconducting flux quantum through a topological superconducting wire.
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