衡量研究的总体影响力，不受时间和学科的影响
A measure of total research impact independent of time and discipline
摘要：
作者和引用实践随着时间的推移而发展，并因学科而异。因此，基于引文记录的研究生产率指标自然会受到历史和学科的影响。我们观察到这些影响天文学家的职业生涯数据库的参考出版物构建的语料库。我们采用了一个简单的机制来衡量研究产出，使用作者和参考书目数据库中提供的数量，以开发一个基于引用的研究生产力指标。总的研究影响（tori）量化，对于个人来说，其他人致力于他/她的工作的学术工作总量，以研究论文的数量来衡量。研究影响商数（riq）是一个独立于年龄的衡量个人研究能力的指标。我们证明，这些措施是大大低于目前最流行的措施，时间贬低和跨学科的偏见。研究影响的拟议措施，托里和riq，已在史密森尼/美国航天局天体物理数据系统中实施。
英文摘要：
Authorship and citation practices evolve with time and differ by academic discipline. As such, indicators of research productivity based on citation records are naturally subject to historical and disciplinary effects. We observe these effects on a corpus of astronomer career data constructed from a database of refereed publications. We employ a simple mechanism to measure research output using author and reference counts available in bibliographic databases to develop a citation-based indicator of research productivity. The total research impact (tori) quantifies, for an individual, the total amount of scholarly work that others have devoted to his/her work, measured in the volume of research papers. A derived measure, the research impact quotient (riq), is an age independent measure of an individual's research ability. We demonstrate that these measures are substantially less vulnerable to temporal debasement and cross-disciplinary bias than the most popular current measures. The proposed measures of research impact, tori and riq, have been implemented in the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System.
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