应该放弃用复合理论来解释Halfton法则
The composite theory as the explanation of Haldane's rule should be abandoned
摘要：
在1922年，JBS Halfman发现了早期物种形成过程中合子后隔离的一个有趣的偏差：近缘物种或亚种之间的F1杂种的异配子性别比同配子性别更容易不育或不能存活。这种现象，现在被称为哈勒定律，已经在雌雄异株的动物和植物的广泛分类群中被反复证实。目前，在物种形成遗传学领域的主流观点认为，Halfman的不育、不活力、雄性异配子和雌性异配子的规则属于不同的实体; Halfman的规则在这些细分中有不同的原因，这些原因巧合地和/或共同地导致了这种对杂交中异配子性别的显著偏见。这种观点，被称为复合理论，是在寻找单一遗传机制的许多不成功的探索之后发展起来的。复合理论有多个子理论。优势理论和更快的男性理论是主要的。在本文中，我对复合理论及其科学有效性提出了质疑。通过将哈勒定律宣布为由多种机制巧合/共同引起的复合现象，复合理论成为一种自我实现的预言和不可检验的。我认为复合理论是一个特别的假设，缺乏科学理论所要求的可证伪性、可反驳性和可检验性。我认为复合理论不能为物种形成的研究提供有意义的见解，应该放弃。
英文摘要：
In 1922, JBS Haldane discovered an intriguing bias of postzygotic isolation during early speciation: the heterogametic sex of F1 hybrids between closely related species or subspecies is more susceptible to sterility or inviability than the homogametic sex. This phenomenon, now known as Haldane's rule, has been repeatedly confirmed across broad taxa in diecious animals and plants. Currently, the dominant view in the field of speciation genetics believes that Haldane's rule for sterility, inviability, male heterogamety and female heterogametic belongs to different entities; and Haldane's rule in these subdivisions has different causes, which operate coincidentally and/or collectively resulting in this striking bias against the heterogametic sex in hybridization. This view, known as the composite theory, was developed after many unsuccessful quests in searching for a unitary genetic mechanism. The composite theory has multiple sub-theories. The dominance theory and the faster male theory are the major ones. In this note, I challenge the composite theory and its scientific validity. By declaring Haldane's rule as a composite phenomenon caused by multiple mechanisms coincidentally/collectively, the composite theory becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy and untestable. I believe that the composite theory is an ad hoc hypothesis that lacks falsifiability, refutability and testability that a scientific theory requires. It is my belief that the composite theory does not provide meaningful insights for the study of speciation and should be abandoned.
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