可见宇宙及其加速膨胀：观测检验
Seeable universe and its accelerated expansion: an observational test
摘要：
根据等效原理，可以得到质量$M$对位置r处度规的引力作用强度，它与无量纲参数$β^2 = 2GM/rc^2$成正比，通常为$<< 1$。这里，$G$是引力常数，$M$是引力体的质量，$r$是度规相对于引力体的位置，$c$是光速。可见宇宙是一个球体，其中心位于观测者处，其大小应能容纳所有在其中发射的光。要做到这一点，我们可以假设引力对$r$上的光速的影响对于径向分量为零，而对于切向分量为非零。然后光被捕获。条件由等式$R_g = 2GM/c^2$给出，其中$R_g$表示{ \it可见}宇宙的半径。它是质量$M$的引力半径。这一结果在其他地方被作为宇宙被视为黑洞的条件。根据目前的观测，对于我们的宇宙是平的（$k = 0$），状态方程为$p = - ρc^2$的情况，我们从爱因斯坦的宇宙学方程中证明了宇宙是以加速的方式膨胀的，膨胀速度为$t^2$，这是一个已经观测到的恒定加速度。这意味着宇宙的引力半径（在事件视界）膨胀为$t^2$。以PDMATHAMR为常数，观察太空深处的星系，这意味着在时间深处是$ct$，线性的。然后，我们今天看到的距离观测者很远的星系，当它们离开距离ct，即$< R_g$时，将随着时间消失。加速膨胀的真空将把它们拖到看不见的地方。这可能是对目前宇宙学观点的有效检验。先前的计算在这里被我们的结果减半。
英文摘要：
From the equivalence principle, one gets the strength of the gravitational effect of a mass $M$ on the metric at position r from it. It is proportional to the dimensionless parameter $β^2 = 2GM/rc^2$, which normally is $<< 1$. Here $G$ is the gravitational constant, $M$ the mass of the gravitating body, $r$ the position of the metric from the gravitating body and $c$ the speed of light. The seeable universe is the sphere, with center at the observer, having a size such that it shall contain all light emitted within it. For this to occur one can impose that the gravitational effect on the velocity of light at $r$ is zero for the radial component, and non zero for the tangential one. Light is then trapped. The condition is given by the equality $R_g = 2GM/c^2$, where $R_g$ represents the radius of the {\it seeable} universe. It is the gravitational radius of the mass $M$. The result has been presented elsewhere as the condition for the universe to be treated as a black hole. According to present observations, for the case of our universe taken as flat ($k = 0$), and the equation of state as $p = - ρc^2$, we prove here from the Einstein's cosmological equations that the universe is expanding in an accelerated way as $t^2$, a constant acceleration as has been observed. This implies that the gravitational radius of the universe (at the event horizon) expands as $t^2$. Taking $c$ as constant, observing the galaxies deep in space this means deep in time as $ct$, linear. Then, far away galaxies from the observer that we see today will disappear in time as they get out of the distance ct that is $< R_g$. The accelerated expanding vacuum will drag them out of sight. This may be a valid test for the present ideas in cosmology. Previous calculations are here halved by our results.
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