z~2 - VII星系的GMASS超深光谱。样品选择和光谱分析
GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - VII. Sample selection and spectroscopy
摘要：
在我们对整个宇宙历史的星系光谱普查中，1<z<2的静止星系和活跃的恒星形成星系的数量仍然不足。然而，根据星系形成模型，星系在这些红移的演化是至关重要的，值得进一步研究。因此，我们设计了一个光谱观测活动的样本的质量，静止和恒星形成星系在z>1.4，称为星系质量大会超深光谱调查（GMASS）。为了确定红移和物理性质，如金属丰度，尘埃含量，动力学质量和恒星形成历史，我们在VLT上用红敏光谱仪FORS 2进行了超深光谱学。我们的样本包括CDFS/GOODS区域内的物体，在4.5微米处检测到，对恒星质量敏感，而不是恒星形成强度。光谱目标是根据光度红移约束（z>1.4）和星等约束（B（AB）<26，I（AB）<26.5）选择的，这应该确保这些是暗淡的，遥远的，相当大的星系。我们提出的样品选择，调查设计，观测，数据处理，光谱红移。对174个光谱目标和70个其他天体进行了长达30小时的光谱分析，使我们能够确定210个红移，其中145个在z>1.4。从红移和测光，我们推断，BzK选择标准是有效的（82%）和遭受低污染（11%）。基于GMASS巡天的几篇论文表明了它在星系形成和演化研究中的价值。我们公开发布红移和约化光谱。结合CDFS/GOODS中现有的和正在进行的额外观测，该数据集为遥远星系的未来研究提供了遗产。
英文摘要：
The populations of both quiescent and actively star-forming galaxies at 1<z<2 are still under-represented in our spectroscopic census of galaxies throughout the history of the Universe. In the light of galaxy formation models, however, the evolution of galaxies at these redshifts is of pivotal importance and merits further investigation. We therefore designed a spectroscopic observing campaign of a sample of both massive, quiescent and star-forming galaxies at z>1.4, called Galaxy Mass Assembly ultra-deep Spectroscopic Survey (GMASS). To determine redshifts and physical properties, such as metallicity, dust content, dynamical masses, and star formation history, we performed ultra-deep spectroscopy with the red-sensitive optical spectrograph FORS2 at the VLT. Our sample consists of objects, within the CDFS/GOODS area, detected at 4.5 micron, to be sensitive to stellar mass rather than star formation intensity. The spectroscopic targets were selected with a photometric redshift constraint (z>1.4) and magnitude constraints (B(AB)<26, I(AB)<26.5), which should ensure that these are faint, distant, and fairly massive galaxies. We present the sample selection, survey design, observations, data reduction, and spectroscopic redshifts. Up to 30 hours of spectroscopy of 174 spectroscopic targets and 70 additional objects enabled us to determine 210 redshifts, of which 145 are at z>1.4. From the redshifts and photometry, we deduce that the BzK selection criteria are efficient (82%) and suffer low contamination (11%). Several papers based on the GMASS survey show its value for studies of galaxy formation and evolution. We publicly release the redshifts and reduced spectra. In combination with existing and on-going additional observations in CDFS/GOODS, this data set provides a legacy for future studies of distant galaxies.
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