量子纠缠与心理学中的选择性影响问题
Quantum Entanglement and the Issue of Selective Influences in Psychology: An Overview
摘要：
类似的形式主义在心理学中已经独立发展，以处理选择性影响的问题（决定几个实验操作中的哪一个选择性地影响几个通常不独立的响应变量中的每一个），以及在量子力学（QM）中，以处理EPR纠缠现象（决定EPR实验是否允许“经典”解释）。这些问题之间的相似之处是通过观察QM中的任何两个非对易测量值是互斥的，因此可以被视为同一输入的不同值的类似物来建立的。这两个问题都归结为存在一个联合分布的随机变量系统，一个变量对应于每个输入的每个值（在心理学中）或每个粒子的每个测量值（在EPR实验中）。我们概述了三个类的必要条件（其中一些也足够的额外的约束下）存在这样的联合分布。
英文摘要：
Similar formalisms have been independently developed in psychology, to deal with the issue of selective influences (deciding which of several experimental manipulations selectively influences each of several, generally non-independent, response variables), and in quantum mechanics (QM), to deal with the EPR entanglement phenomena (deciding whether an EPR experiment allows for a "classical" account). The parallels between these problems are established by observing that any two noncommuting measurements in QM are mutually exclusive and can therefore be treated as analogs of different values of one and the same input. Both problems reduce to that of the existence of a jointly distributed system of random variables, one variable for every value of every input (in psychology) or every measurement on every particle involved (in an EPR experiment). We overview three classes of necessary conditions (some of them also sufficient under additional constraints) for the existence of such joint distributions.
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