大气电离和宇宙射线：1912年以前的研究和测量
Atmospheric ionization and cosmic rays: studies and measurements before 1912
摘要：
宇宙射线的发现是科学上的一个里程碑，它是以欧洲和新世界科学家的工作为基础的，发生在一个以民族主义和缺乏沟通为特征的时期。一个世纪前参与这项研究的许多科学家对穿透性辐射很感兴趣，并试图了解它的起源。对发现宇宙射线起源的几个重要贡献已经被遗忘;历史、政治和个人事实可能导致它们从科学史上大量消失。
英文摘要：
The discovery of cosmic rays, a milestone in science, was based on the work by scientists in Europe and the New World and took place during a period characterised by nationalism and lack of communication. Many scientists that took part in this research a century ago were intrigued by the penetrating radiation and tried to understand the origin of it. Several important contributions to the discovery of the origin of cosmic rays have been forgotten; historical, political and personal facts might have contributed to their substantial disappearance from the history of science.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
