891 g BGO蒸发测辐射热计在10 mK下在意大利Gran Sasso地下实验室进行了测试。的歧视能力，该化合物的放射性纯度和晶体的主要特征进行了研究，以证明在γ和α光谱学领域的操作的辐射热计所获得的优异性能。该探测器的灵敏度在极低的表面污染的研究进行了研究。
英文摘要：
A 891 g BGO scintillating bolometer has been tested at 10 mK in the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). The discrimination capability, the radio-purity of the compound and the main features of the crystal have been studied in order to demonstrate the excellent performances obtained by operating a scintillating bolometer in the field of gamma and alpha spectroscopy. The sensitivity of this detector in the study of extremely low surface contaminations has been investigated.
本文介绍了研制双β衰变测辐射热计的结果。几个钼和镉基晶体进行了测试与测辐射热技术。通过第二个独立的测辐射热计测量闪烁光。对140 g CdWO_4晶体进行了417 h的寿命测量。由于闪烁光，α背景很容易区分，导致铊208的2615 keV伽马线以上的计数为零。这些结果与极其简单的光探测器操作相结合，代表了证明这种技术可行性的第一个切实证据。
Large lithium molybdate (Li$_2$MoO$_4$) crystal boules were produced by using the low thermal gradient Czochralski growth technique from deeply purified molybdenum. A small sample from one of the boules was preliminary characterized in terms of X-ray-induced and thermally-excited luminescence. A large cylindrical crystalline element (with a size of $\oslash 40\times40$ mm) was used to fabricate a scintillating bolometer, which was operated aboveground at $\sim 15$ mK by using a pulse-tube cryostat housing a high-power dilution refrigerator. The excellent detector performance in terms of energy…
Lithium magnesium molybdate (Li$_2$Mg$_2$(MoO$_4$)$_3$) crystals were grown by the low-thermal-gradient Czochralski method. Luminescence properties of the material (emission spectra, thermally stimulated luminescence, dependence of intensity on temperature, phosphorescence) have been studied under X-Ray excitation in the temperature interval from 8 K to 400 K, while at the same being operated as a scintillating bolometer at 20 mK for the first time. We demonstrated that Li$_2$Mg$_2$(MoO$_4)_3$ crystals are a potentially promising detector material to search for neutrinoless double beta decay o…
For the first time, a cadmium tungstate crystal scintillator enriched in $^{116}$Cd has been succesfully tested as a scintillating bolometer. The measurement was performed above ground at a temperature of 18 mK. The crystal mass was 34.5 g and the enrichment level ~82 %. Despite a substantial pile-up effect due to above-ground operation, the detector demonstrated a high energy resolution (2-7 keV FWHM in 0.2-2.6 MeV $γ$ energy range), a powerful particle identification capability and a high level of internal radiopurity. These results prove that cadmium tungstate is an extremely promising dete…
Development of a Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometer for low background physics
我们展示了33 g Li 2 MoO 4晶体作为闪烁测辐射热计的性能。该晶体在安装在Granatori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利）地下实验室的稀释冰箱中测试了400多小时。这种化合物在中子探测、暗物质搜索（太阳轴子）和无中微子双β衰变物理学框架中显示出有前途的特性。利用不同的α、β/γ和中子源研究了低温辐射特性，并首次估算了不同类型相互作用粒子的光产额。该探测器显示出很强的快中子相互作用标记能力和高的本征放射性纯度水平（238-U < 90 \muBq /kg，232-Th < 110 \muBq /kg）。
Random coincidences of nuclear events can be one of the main background sources in low-temperature calorimetric experiments looking for neutrinoless double-beta decay, especially in those searches based on scintillating bolometers embedding the promising double-beta candidate $^{100}$Mo, because of the relatively short half-life of the two-neutrino double-beta decay of this nucleus. We show in this work that randomly coinciding events of the two-neutrino double decay of $^{100}$Mo in enriched Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ detectors can be effectively discriminated by pulse-shape analysis in the light …
A scintillating bolometer technology based on $^{100}$Mo-enriched lithium molybdate (Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$) crystals has been developed by LUMINEU to search for neutrinoless double-beta ($0ν2β$) decay of $^{100}$Mo. The results of several low temperature tests at underground environments have proved the reproducibility of high detector performance and crystal radiopurity: in particular $\sim$5--6~keV FWHM energy resolution and at least 9$σ$ rejection of $α$'s in the vicinity of the $0ν2β$ decay of $^{100}$Mo (3034 keV) and below 10~$μ$Bq/kg bulk activity of $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra. A modest …
This paper reports on the development of a technology involving $^{100}$Mo-enriched scintillating bolometers, compatible with the goals of CUPID, a proposed next-generation bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Large mass ($\sim$1~kg), high optical quality, radiopure $^{100}$Mo-containing zinc and lithium molybdate crystals have been produced and used to develop high performance single detector modules based on 0.2--0.4~kg scintillating bolometers. In particular, the energy resolution of the lithium molybdate detectors near the $Q$-value of the double-beta transit…
The technology of scintillating bolometers based on zinc molybdate (ZnMoO$_4$) crystals is under development within the LUMINEU project to search for 0$ν$2$β$ decay of $^{100}$Mo with the goal to set the basis for large scale experiments capable to explore the inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass pattern. Advanced ZnMoO$_4$ crystal scintillators with mass of $\sim$~0.3 kg were developed and Zn$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal from enriched $^{100}$Mo was produced for the first time by using the low-thermal-gradient Czochralski technique. One ZnMoO$_4$ scintillator and two samples (59 g and 63 …
Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ Scintillating Bolometers for Rare-Event Search Experiments
National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute（库尔恰托夫国家研究中心研究所）；Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry（尼古拉耶夫无机化学研究所）；Universidad Internacional de La Rioja（拉里奥哈国际大学）；INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究院米兰比科卡分部）；INFN, Sezione di Roma（意大利国家核物理研究院罗马分部）；Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU（乌克兰国家科学院核物理研究所）；INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata（意大利国家核物理研究院罗马托尔维尔加塔分部）；INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利国家核物理研究院格兰萨索国家实验室）
The LUMINEU is designed to investigate the possibility to search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{100}$Mo by means of a large array of scintillating bolometers based on ZnMoO$_4$ crystals enriched in $^{100}$Mo. High energy resolution and relatively fast detectors, which are able to measure both the light and the heat generated upon the interaction of a particle in a crystal, are very promising for the recognition and rejection of background events. We present the LUMINEU concepts and the experimental results achieved aboveground and underground with large-mass natural and enriched cry…
Test of $^{116}$CdWO$_4$ and Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers in the CROSS underground facility with upgraded detector suspension
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), SIMAP（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔理工学院（格勒诺布尔大学工程学院）、SIMAP）；National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Kurchatov Complex of Theoretical and Experimental Physics（库尔恰托夫研究所国家研究中心、理论与实验物理库尔恰托夫综合体）；Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU（乌克兰国家科学院核物理研究所）；INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利国家核物理研究院格兰萨索国家实验室）；Gran Sasso Science Institute（格兰萨索科学研究所）
We have developed and tested a new way of coupling bolometric light detectors to scintillating crystal bolometers based upon simply resting the light detector on the crystal surface, held in position only by gravity. This straightforward mounting results in three important improvements: (1) it decreases the amount of non-active materials needed to assemble the detector, (2) it substantially increases the light collection efficiency by minimizing the light losses induced by the mounting structure, and (3) it enhances the thermal signal induced in the light detector thanks to the extremely weak …
