基于进化算法的引力微透镜光变曲线分析
Evolutionary algorithm-based analysis of gravitational microlensing lightcurves
摘要：
本文提出了一种新的引力微透镜光变曲线自动拟合算法。新算法在概念上是简单的，通用的和强大的，并行平凡的，它结合了一些新的功能，现有的进化算法，票价以及拟合二元透镜微透镜光变曲线的问题，以及其他一些困难的优化问题。成功率超过90%的拟合合成虽然嘈杂的二元透镜光变曲线时，允许不超过20分钟，每次适合在台式计算机上，这种成功率被证明是非常有利的比较与传统的（迭代单纯形）算法，和一个更先进的，人工神经网络为基础的方法。因此，这项工作提供了使用的进化算法作为基础的实时，自主建模的微透镜事件的概念证明。需要进一步的工作，以调查该算法将如何面对更复杂和现实的微透镜建模问题时，它是，然而，在这里认为，使用并行计算平台，如廉价的图形处理单元，应允许拟合时间被限制在一个小时以下，即使在处理复杂的微透镜模型。在任何情况下，希望这项工作可能会激发一些兴趣的进化算法，这里描述的算法可能证明是有用的解决微透镜和/或更一般的模型拟合问题。
英文摘要：
A new algorithm developed to perform autonomous fitting of gravitational microlensing lightcurves is presented. The new algorithm is conceptually simple, versatile and robust, and parallelises trivially; it combines features of extant evolutionary algorithms with some novel ones, and fares well on the problem of fitting binary-lens microlensing lightcurves, as well as on a number of other difficult optimisation problems. Success rates in excess of 90% are achieved when fitting synthetic though noisy binary-lens lightcurves, allowing no more than 20 minutes per fit on a desktop computer; this success rate is shown to compare very favourably with that of both a conventional (iterated simplex) algorithm, and a more state-of-the-art, artificial neural network-based approach. As such, this work provides proof of concept for the use of an evolutionary algorithm as the basis for real-time, autonomous modelling of microlensing events. Further work is required to investigate how the algorithm will fare when faced with more complex and realistic microlensing modelling problems; it is, however, argued here that the use of parallel computing platforms, such as inexpensive graphics processing units, should allow fitting times to be constrained to under an hour, even when dealing with complicated microlensing models. In any event, it is hoped that this work might stimulate some interest in evolutionary algorithms, and that the algorithm described here might prove useful for solving microlensing and/or more general model-fitting problems.
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