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arXiv 1208.4657astro-ph.GA
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年轻嵌入星团产生的背景X射线辐射场

Background X-ray Radiation Fields Produced by Young Embedded Star Clusters

Fred Adams, Marco Fatuzzo, Lisa Holden

摘要:

我们银河系中大多数恒星的形成都发生在嵌入式星团中,这些背景环境会影响其中发生的恒星和行星形成过程。反过来,年轻的恒星成员可以塑造背景环境,从而提供反馈机制。这项工作探讨了恒星反馈的一个方面,通过量化年轻恒星物体产生的背景X射线辐射场。具体地说,由集群环境产生的X射线亮度和X射线通量的分布被构造为集群成员大小$N$的函数。对于给定的团簇大小分布$N$,还构造了复合通量分布。由此产生的分布是广泛的,X射线辐射场是中等强度的,预期的通量水平超过宇宙和银河X射线背景的$\sim10-1000$的因素(能量为0.2 - 15千电子伏)。对于几何上薄而光学上厚的拱星盘,来自背景星团的X射线通量占主导地位,由一个典型的中心恒星在外盘,其中$r \ga 9 - 14$ AU提供。此外,由团簇X射线背景提供的电离率的期望值为$ζ_X\sim8\times10^{-17}$ s $^{-1}$,约为宇宙射线电离率的正则值的4 ~ 8倍。星团中这些升高的通量水平表明,X射线可以影响星周盘和年轻恒星物体之间的物质的电离,化学和加热。

英文摘要:

Most star formation in our galaxy occurs within embedded clusters, and these background environments can affect the star and planet formation processes occurring within them. In turn, young stellar members can shape the background environment and thereby provide a feedback mechanism. This work explores one aspect of stellar feedback by quantifying the background X-ray radiation fields produced by young stellar objects. Specifically, the distributions of X-ray luminosities and X-ray fluxes produced by cluster environments are constructed as a function of cluster membership size $N$. Composite flux distributions, for given distributions of cluster sizes $N$, are also constructed. The resulting distributions are wide and the X-ray radiation fields are moderately intense, with the expected flux levels exceeding the cosmic and galactic X-ray backgrounds by factors of $\sim10-1000$ (for energies 0.2 -- 15 keV). For circumstellar disks that are geometrically thin and optically thick, the X-ray flux from the background cluster dominates that provided by a typical central star in the outer disk where $r \ga 9 - 14$ AU. In addition, the expectation value of the ionization rate provided by the cluster X-ray background is $ζ_X\sim8\times10^{-17}$ s$^{-1}$, about 4 -- 8 times larger than the canonical value of the ionization rate from cosmic rays. These elevated flux levels in clusters indicate that X-rays can affect ionization, chemistry, and heating in circumstellar disks and in the material between young stellar objects.

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