有限温度下量子开放系统的衰变过程
Decay process of quantum open system at finite-temperature
摘要：
从海森堡方程的形式解出发，我们重新讨论了一个具有线性耦合的谐振子和玻色子浴的量子开放系统的普适模型。对Fock态和相干态的衰变过程的分析表明，该方法对处理开放系统的衰变过程问题是十分有用的。在有限温度下，对开放系统约化密度矩阵和平均激发数的计算表明，初始相干态在追踪浴变量后将演化为温度相关相干态.同样在短时限下，开放系统的温度依赖的有效哈密顿量表征了开放系统的衰减过程。
英文摘要：
Starting from the formal solution to the Heisenberg equation, we revisit an universal model for a quantum open system with a harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a boson bath. The analysis of the decay process for a Fock state and a coherent state demonstrate that this method is very useful in dealing with the problems in decay process of the open system. For finite temperature, the calculations of the reduced density matrix and the mean excitation number for the open system show that an initial coherent state will evolve into a temperature-dependant coherent state after tracing over the bath variables. Also in short-time limit, a temperature-dependant effective Hamiltonian for the open system characterizes the decay process of the open system.
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