在光学薄的干燥大气中环流状态的非平衡热力学
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of circulation regimes in optically-thin, dry atmospheres
摘要：
本文用大气环流模式，通过在较宽的参数范围内改变自转速率Ω和表面阻力τ，对不同热Rossby数Ro和泰勒数Ff的光学薄干燥大气进行了广泛的分析。利用非平衡态热力学诊断方法，如物质熵产、效率、纬向热输运和动能耗散等，我们以一种新的方式表征了不同的环流状态。斜压环流具有高的机械耗散、纬向热输送、物质熵产生和相当有效地将热量转换为机械功的特点。与感热通量有关的热耗散主要取决于地面性质，几乎与自转速率无关，并且在准正压环流和接近赤道超自转的情况下很低。缓慢旋转的轴对称环流具有最高的纬向热输送。在高转速和中高阻力下，大气环流是纬向环流，机械耗散、纬向热输送和效率都很低。当τ被解释为与动量和感热的湍流边界层传递有关的可调参数时，我们的结果证实了在Ω值范围内使用最大熵产生原理作为调谐准则的可能性。本文的研究表明了用基本非平衡态热力学研究行星大气性质的有效性，并扩展了我们对大气环流热力学的认识。
英文摘要：
An extensive analysis of an optically-thin, dry atmosphere at different values of the thermal Rossby number Ro and of the Taylor number Ff is per- formed with a general circulation model by varying the rotation rate Ω and the surface drag τ in a wide parametric range. By using nonequilibrium thermodynamics diagnostics such as material entropy production, efficiency, meridional heat transport and kinetic energy dissipation we characterize in a new way the different circulation regimes. Baroclinic circulations feature high mechanical dissipation, meridional heat transport, material entropy pro- duction and are fairly efficient in converting heat into mechanical work. The thermal dissipation associated with the sensible heat flux is found to depend mainly on the surface properties, almost independent from the rotation rate and very low for quasi-barotropic circulations and regimes approaching equa- torial super-rotation. Slowly rotating, axisymmetric circulations have the highest meridional heat transport. At high rotation rates and intermediate- high drag, atmospheric circulations are zonostrohic with very low mechanical dissipation, meridional heat transport and efficiency. When τ is interpreted as a tunable parameter associated with the turbulent boundary layer trans- fer of momentum and sensible heat, our results confirm the possibility of using the Maximum Entropy Production Principle as a tuning guideline in the range of values of Ω. This study suggests the effectiveness of using fun- damental nonequilibrium thermodynamics for investigating the properties of planetary atmospheres and extends our knowledge of the thermodynamics of the atmospheric circulation regimes.
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