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arXiv 1208.1852astro-ph.SRgr-qc
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“差动旋转”中子星中r模的超流不稳定性

Superfluid instability of r-modes in "differentially rotating" neutron stars

N. Andersson, K. Glampedakis, M. Hogg

摘要:

超流体动力学影响成熟中子星的自旋演化,并且可能是解释脉冲星故障等时间不规则性的关键。然而,这一现象的大多数模型都排除了触发这一事件所需的全球不稳定性。在本文中,我们讨论了一种机制,可以填补这一空白。我们建立了小尺度惯性r-模式变得不稳定的超流中子星,表现出旋转滞后,预计建立由于涡旋钉扎的明星自旋下降。有些违反直觉的是,这种不稳定性的产生是由于(在正常情况下是耗散的)涡介导的相互摩擦。我们探讨了一个简单的不可压缩模型的超流不稳定性的性质,允许两个流体成分之间的夹带耦合。我们的研究结果恢复了先前讨论的动力学不稳定性的两个组件是强耦合的系统。此外,我们第一次证明了该系统是长期不稳定的(增长时间与相互摩擦的规模)在整个参数空间。有趣的是,大尺度r模也受到这种新的不稳定性的影响。我们分析了剪切粘性的阻尼效应,这在小尺度上应该是特别有效的,认为这将不足以完全抑制天体物理系统中的不稳定性。

英文摘要:

Superfluid hydrodynamics affects the spin-evolution of mature neutron stars, and may be key to explaining timing irregularities such as pulsar glitches. However, most models for this phenomenon exclude the global instability required to trigger the event. In this paper we discuss a mechanism that may fill this gap. We establish that small scale inertial r-modes become unstable in a superfluid neutron star that exhibits a rotational lag, expected to build up due to vortex pinning as the star spins down. Somewhat counterintuitively, this instability arises due to the (under normal circumstances dissipative) vortex-mediated mutual friction. We explore the nature of the superfluid instability for a simple incompressible model, allowing for entrainment coupling between the two fluid components. Our results recover a previously discussed dynamical instability in systems where the two components are strongly coupled. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that the system is secularly unstable (with a growth time that scales with the mutual friction) throughout much of parameter space. Interestingly, large scale r-modes are also affected by this new aspect of the instability. We analyse the damping effect of shear viscosity, which should be particularly efficient at small scales, arguing that it will not be sufficient to completely suppress the instability in astrophysical systems.

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