arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1208.0880cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.softphysics.bio-ph
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被动和主动网络材料玻璃态动力学的微观理论

Microscopic theory of the glassy dynamics of passive and active network materials

Shenshen Wang, Peter G. Wolynes

摘要:

玻璃态动力学的签名已被实验确定为丰富的各种材料,其中分子网络提供刚性。在这里,我们提出了一个理论框架来研究被动和主动网络材料的玻璃化行为。我们构建了一个通用的微观网络模型,该模型结合了单个细丝的非线性弹性和拥挤引起的空间位阻约束。基于结构玻璃形成液体和随机场伊辛磁体之间的建设性类比使用异质自洽声子方法实现,我们的计划提供了一个微观的方法来确定失配表面张力和构型熵,竞争确定的障碍内的随机一阶跃迁理论的结构重排从本地能量最小值逃逸。该模型概括了交联对无机网络玻璃形成体脆性的影响。对于活跃的网络材料,映射,其相关的玻璃特性的网络结构和非平衡运动过程的属性,显示捕捉几个关键的实验观察活细胞的细胞骨架:高度连接的紧张网络表现为强大的玻璃形成;激烈的运动动作促进重构。事实上,我们的模型假设一个负的运动易感性预测后者表明,平均而言,在活细胞中的机动过程抵抗施加的机械负荷。我们的计算还确定了一个spinodal点,同时失配惩罚消失,无定形包装的机械稳定性消失。

英文摘要:

Signatures of glassy dynamics have been identified experimentally for a rich variety of materials in which molecular networks provide rigidity. Here we present a theoretical framework to study the glassy behavior of both passive and active network materials. We construct a general microscopic network model that incorporates nonlinear elasticity of individual filaments and steric constraints due to crowding. Based on constructive analogies between structural glass forming liquids and random field Ising magnets implemented using a heterogeneous self-consistent phonon method, our scheme provides a microscopic approach to determine the mismatch surface tension and the configurational entropy, which compete in determining the barrier for structural rearrangements within the random first order transition theory of escape from a local energy minimum. The influence of crosslinking on the fragility of inorganic network glass formers is recapitulated by the model. For active network materials, the mapping, which correlates the glassy characteristics to the network architecture and properties of nonequilibrium motor processes, is shown to capture several key experimental observations on the cytoskeleton of living cells: Highly connected tense networks behave as strong glass formers; intense motor action promotes reconfiguration. The fact that our model assuming a negative motor susceptibility predicts the latter suggests that on average the motorized processes in living cells do resist the imposed mechanical load. Our calculations also identify a spinodal point where simultaneously the mismatch penalty vanishes and the mechanical stability of amorphous packing disappears.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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