理论物理基本原理与准平均、量子保护和涌现概念
Fundamental Principles of Theoretical Physics and Concepts of Quasiaverages, Quantum Protectorate and Emergence
摘要：
在本文中，我们讨论了现代物理学的先进的交叉学科的概念，如对称性破缺，量子保护，涌现和Bogoliubov的准平均概念的背景下，现代理论物理，特别是量子和统计物理的相互关系。这种分析的主要目的是要证明多粒子物理学的这些概念性进展之间的联系和相互关系，并试图明确地表明，这些概念虽然在细节上不同，但具有某些共同的特征。指出了与这些思想有关的复杂材料和系统统计物理领域中的一些问题，如磁性和超导的微观理论的建立。主要的建议是，对称性破缺概念的重点是对称性本身，而准平均值的方法强调的是系统的简并性。量子保护区的概念揭示了复杂多体系统在低能和高能尺度下行为的本质区别。因此，量子保护区的概念可能为能量尺度的层次结构和适当的涌现行为提供独特的签名和良好的标准。
英文摘要：
In the present paper we discuss the interrelation of the advanced interdisciplinary concepts of modern physics such as symmetry breaking, quantum protectorate, emergence and the Bogoliubov's concept of quasiaverages in the context of modern theoretical physics, and, in particular, quantum and statistical physics. The main aim of this analysis was to demonstrate the connection and interrelation of these conceptual advances of the many-particle physics and to try to show explicitly that those concepts, though different in details, have certain common features. Some problems in the field of statistical physics of complex materials and systems e.g. foundation of the microscopic theory of magnetism and superconductivity were pointed in relation to these ideas. The main suggestion is that the emphasis of symmetry breaking concept is on the symmetry itself, whereas the method of quasiaverages emphasizes the degeneracy of a system. The concept of quantum protectorate reveals essential difference in the behavior of the complex many-body systems at the low-energy and high-energy scales. Thus the notion of quantum protectorate might provide distinctive signatures and good criteria for a hierarchy of energy scales and the appropriate emergent behavior.
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