用光成像电子量子运动
Imaging electronic quantum motion with light
摘要：
不仅在实时，而且在真实空间中对电子的量子运动进行成像对于理解例如分子中的键断裂和形成以及肽和生物系统中的电荷迁移是必不可少的。时间分辨成像询问在这样的系统中展开的电子运动。我们发现，散射图案，从电子波包的X射线时间分辨成像，编码的空间和时间的相关性，大大偏离了常见的概念的瞬时电子密度的关键量被探测。令人惊讶的是，这些图案提供了光的量子性质的异常视觉表现。这种量子性质仅对非稳态电子态起核心作用，并对时间分辨成像产生深远影响。
英文摘要：
Imaging the quantum motion of electrons not only in real-time, but also in real-space is essential to understand for example bond breaking and formation in molecules, and charge migration in peptides and biological systems. Time-resolved imaging interrogates the unfolding electronic motion in such systems. We find that scattering patterns, obtained by X-ray time-resolved imaging from an electronic wavepacket, encode spatial and temporal correlations that deviate substantially from the common notion of the instantaneous electronic density as the key quantity being probed. Surprisingly, the patterns provide an unusually visual manifestation of the quantum nature of light. This quantum nature becomes central only for non-stationary electronic states and has profound consequences for time-resolved imaging.
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