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arXiv 1207.4474cs.SEcs.SYeess.SY
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基于模型的嵌入式控制软件综合

On Model Based Synthesis of Embedded Control Software

Sapienza University of Rome(罗马智慧大学);Ufa State Aviation Technical University(乌法国立航空技术大学)

Vadim Alimguzhin, Federico Mari, Igor Melatti, Ivano Salvo, Enrico Tronci

AI总结:

针对嵌入式控制软件,提出一种基于模型的形式化设计方法,通过权衡系统级非功能需求(如最优建立时间、纹波)与软件非功能需求(如内存占用),自动生成正确性保证的控制软件,实验表明在倒立摆基准上小控制器大小仅为时间最优控制器的6%。

摘要:

许多嵌入式系统实际上是基于软件的控制系统(SBCS),即控制器由运行在微控制器设备上的控制软件组成。这激发了对控制软件的形式化模型驱动设计方法的研究。给定被控对象作为离散时间线性混合系统的形式化模型以及实现规范(即模数转换的位数),通过计算被控对象的合适有限抽象,可以从闭环系统的系统级形式规范(即安全性和活性需求)自动生成正确性保证的控制软件。对于给定的实现规范,自动生成的代码实现了时间最优控制策略(就建立时间而言),其最坏情况执行时间与模数转换位数b呈线性关系,但不幸的是,其大小随b呈指数增长。在许多嵌入式系统中,微控制器设备的计算资源(如内存或计算能力)受到严格限制。本文通过权衡系统级非功能需求(如最优建立时间、纹波)与软件非功能需求(其内存占用),研究了基于模型的嵌入式控制软件综合。我们的实验结果表明了该方法的有效性:对于倒立摆基准,使用12位量化方案,小控制器的大小不到时间最优控制器的6%。

英文摘要:

Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for control software. Given the formal model of a plant as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System and the implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital (AD) conversion) correct-by-construction control software can be automatically generated from System Level Formal Specifications of the closed loop system (that is, safety and liveness requirements), by computing a suitable finite abstraction of the plant. With respect to given implementation specifications, the automatically generated code implements a time optimal control strategy (in terms of set-up time), has a Worst Case Execution Time linear in the number of AD bits $b$, but unfortunately, its size grows exponentially with respect to $b$. In many embedded systems, there are severe restrictions on the computational resources (such as memory or computational power) available to microcontroller devices. This paper addresses model based synthesis of control software by trading system level non-functional requirements (such us optimal set-up time, ripple) with software non-functional requirements (its footprint). Our experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach: for the inverted pendulum benchmark, by using a quantization schema with 12 bits, the size of the small controller is less than 6% of the size of the time optimal one.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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