使用DNA或RNA进行纳米跟踪的新型暗物质探测器
New Dark Matter Detectors using DNA or RNA for Nanometer Tracking
摘要：
弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP）可能构成宇宙中的大部分物质。探测反冲核方向性的能力将大大促进对WIMP的探测。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型的暗物质探测器：由DNA或RNA制成的探测器可以提供纳米分辨率的跟踪，能量阈值为0.5 keV，并可以在室温下工作。当一个来自星系晕的弱相互作用粒子从探测器中的一个原子核上弹性散射时，反冲的原子核就会穿过数百串具有已知碱基序列的单链核酸（ssNA），并沿着它的轨迹切断ssNA链。断裂的位置可以通过使用生物学家熟知的技术扩增和鉴定切割的ssNA的片段来鉴定。因此，反冲核的路径可以被跟踪到纳米精度。在一个这样的探测器概念中，传感器是1 m x 1 m的纳米厚Au箔，并且反冲核的方向通过由ssNA链的有序阵列组成的“NA跟踪室”来测量。聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和ssNA测序用于读出检测器。拟议的探测器比其他替代品更小，更便宜：1公斤的黄金和0.1至4公斤的ssNA（取决于长度和链密度），包装成0.01米$^3$，可以用来研究10 GeV的WIMP。该探测器中可以使用各种其他探测器目标元件，以针对不同的WIMP质量进行优化并识别WIMP属性。通过利用分子生物学的进步，我们的目标是以合理的成本实现比传统WIMP探测器高约1,000倍的空间分辨率。
英文摘要：
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) may constitute most of the matter in the Universe. The ability to detect the directionality of recoil nuclei will considerably facilitate detection of WIMPs. In this paper we propose a novel type of dark matter detector: detectors made of DNA or RNA could provide nanometer resolution for tracking, an energy threshold of 0.5 keV, and can operate at room temperature. When a WIMP from the Galactic Halo elastically scatters off of a nucleus in the detector, the recoiling nucleus then traverses hundreds of strings of single stranded nucleic acids (ssNA) with known base sequences and severs ssNA strands along its trajectory. The location of the break can be identified by amplifying and identifying the segments of cut ssNA using techniques well known to biologists. Thus the path of the recoiling nucleus can be tracked to nanometer accuracy. In one such detector concept, the transducers are nanometer-thick Au-foils of 1m x 1m, and the direction of recoiling nuclei is measured by "NA Tracking Chamber" consisting of ordered array of ssNA strands. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and ssNA sequencing are used to read-out the detector. The proposed detector is smaller and cheaper than other alternatives: 1 kg of gold and 0.1 to 4 kg of ssNA (depending on length and strand density), packed into 0.01m$^3$, can be used to study 10 GeV WIMPs. A variety of other detector target elements could be used in this detector to optimize for different WIMP masses and to identify WIMP properties. By leveraging advances in molecular biology, we aim to achieve about 1,000-fold better spatial resolution than in conventional WIMP detectors at reasonable cost.
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