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arXiv 1206.6799astro-ph.HE
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开普勒超新星遗迹的起源

The Origin of Kepler's Supernova Remnant

Daniel J. Patnaude, Carles Badenes, Sangwook Park, J. Martin Laming

摘要:

现在已经确定开普勒的超新星遗迹是Ia型爆炸的结果。开普勒的年龄为407年,角直径约为4 ',估计距离在3.0到7.0千秒差距之间。与其他Ia型超新星遗迹如第谷和SN 1006,以及大麦云星云中的SNR 0509-67.5不同,开普勒显示了强烈的星周相互作用的证据。北部的弓形激波结构被认为是源于超新星爆发前一个质量损失系统穿过星际介质的运动。我们目前的流体动力学和光谱建模的结果,旨在限制系统的拱星环境和爆炸中产生的56 Ni的量。利用含有0.3Msun(亚能)或1 Msun(高能)56 Ni的模型,模拟了Ia超新星喷出物与各种星周密度模型的相互作用.仅基于动力学考虑,我们发现亚能模型倾向于SNR < 6.4 kpc的距离,而产生1 M_sun的56 Ni的模型需要SNR> 7 kpc的距离。X射线光谱与产生约1 M太阳的56 Ni的爆炸一致,排除了亚能量模型,并表明开普勒的SNR是一个类似SN 1991 T的事件。此外,X射线光谱排除了超新星爆发前各向同性质量损失所预期的纯1/r^2风廓线。在祖系统周围引入一个小腔导致与观察到的光谱一致的模拟X射线光谱。如果风形的星周环境是必要的,以解释动力学和X射线发射的冲击喷出物在开普勒的SNR,那么我们需要的距离残骸大于7千秒差距。

英文摘要:

It is now well established that Kepler's supernova remnant is the result of a Type Ia explosion. With an age of 407 years, and an angular diameter of ~ 4', Kepler is estimated to be between 3.0 and 7.0 kpc distant. Unlike other Galactic Type Ia supernova remnants such as Tycho and SN 1006, and SNR 0509-67.5 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, Kepler shows evidence for a strong circumstellar interaction. A bowshock structure in the north is thought to originate from the motion of a mass-losing system through the interstellar medium prior to the supernova. We present results of hydrodynamical and spectral modeling aimed at constraining the circumstellar environment of the system and the amount of 56Ni produced in the explosion. Using models that contain either 0.3 M_sun (subenergetic) or 1 M_sun (energetic) of 56Ni, we simulate the interaction between supernova Ia ejecta and various circumstellar density models. Based on dynamical considerations alone, we find that the subenergetic models favor a distance to the SNR of < 6.4 kpc, while the model that produces 1 M_sun of 56Ni requires a distance to the SNR of > 7 kpc. The X-ray spectrum is consistent with an explosion that produced ~ 1 M_sun of 56Ni, ruling out the subenergetic models, and suggesting that Kepler's SNR was a SN 1991T-like event. Additionally, the X-ray spectrum rules out a pure 1/r^2 wind profile expected from isotropic mass loss up to the time of the supernova. Introducing a small cavity around the progenitor system results in modeled X-ray spectra that are consistent with the observed spectrum. If a wind shaped circumstellar environment is necessary to explain the dynamics and X-ray emission from the shocked ejecta in Kepler's SNR, then we require that the distance to the remnant be greater than 7 kpc.

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