简单力学系统中PT相变的观测
Observation of PT phase transition in a simple mechanical system
摘要：
如果哈密尔顿算子是PT对称的，则有两种可能性：要么特征值是完全实的，在这种情况下哈密尔顿算子被称为处于未破PT对称相位，要么特征值是部分实部分复的，在这种情况下哈密尔顿算子被称为处于破PT对称相位。当我们改变哈密顿量的参数时，我们可以通过分离不间断相和间断相的相变。最近在各种实验室实验中观察到了这种转变。本文以简单直观的方式解释了相变，然后描述了一个很容易观察到相变的非常基本的实验。
英文摘要：
If a Hamiltonian is PT symmetric, there are two possibilities: Either the eigenvalues are entirely real, in which case the Hamiltonian is said to be in an unbroken-PT-symmetric phase, or else the eigenvalues are partly real and partly complex, in which case the Hamiltonian is said to be in a broken-PT-symmetric phase. As one varies the parameters of the Hamiltonian, one can pass through the phase transition that separates the unbroken and broken phases. This transition has recently been observed in a variety of laboratory experiments. This paper explains the phase transition in a simple and intuitive fashion and then describes an extremely elementary experiment in which the phase transition is easily observed.
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