郭守敬望远镜的场地条件
The site conditions of the Guo Shou Jing Telescope
摘要：
郭守敬望远镜所在地兴隆观测站的天气受中国东北季风气候的强烈影响。LAMOST的调查战略受到这些天气模式的限制。本文统计了2004 - 2007年的观测时数和1995 - 2011年的天空亮度、视宁度和天空透明度。我们调查现场条件对测量计划的影响。每个月的运营时间与季节有很强的相关性：1 - 2月平均每晚有8个小时的运营时间，但7月和8月只有1-2个小时。能见度和天空透明度也随季节而变化。虽然在冬季大风时视宁度较差，而在春季和夏季大气消光较差，但该站点足以满足LAMOST调查的科学计划。利用历史观测资料进行的蒙特卡罗模拟表明，在观测时数限制下，观测足迹在赤经赤经22小时到16小时之间，天空亮度允许LAMOST获得的极限星等为V = 19.5等，信噪比为10。
英文摘要：
The weather at Xinglong Observing Station, where the Guo Shou Jing Telescope (GSJT) is located, is strongly affected by the monsoon climate in north-east China. The LAMOST survey strategy is constrained by these weather patterns. In this paper, we present a statistics on observing hours from 2004 to 2007, and the sky brightness, seeing, and sky transparency from 1995 to 2011 at the site. We investigate effects of the site conditions on the survey plan. Operable hours each month shows strong correlation with season: on average there are 8 operable hours per night available in December, but only 1-2 hours in July and August. The seeing and the sky transparency also vary with seasons. Although the seeing is worse in windy winters, and the atmospheric extinction is worse in the spring and summer, the site is adequate for the proposed scientific program of LAMOST survey. With a Monte Carlo simulation using historical data on the site condition, we find that the available observation hours constrain the survey footprint from 22h to 16h in right ascension; the sky brightness allows LAMOST to obtain the limit magnitude of V = 19.5mag with S/N = 10.
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