走向热化的宇宙动力学
Universal dynamics on the way to thermalisation
摘要：
证明了远离热平衡的多体系统如何在通过非热不动点时表现出普适动力学。作为例子，考虑了稀薄冷气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚过程。如果粒子流进入低能模式，例如，通过冷却淬火，是足够强的，玻色气体发展的特征幂律单粒子光谱$n(k)\sim k^{-5}$，并在时间临界减慢发生。固定点的标记是由缠结涡线的产生和稀释。另外，对于弱的冷却淬火和粒子通量，冷凝过程运行准湍流，通过固定点在很远的距离，和关键标度的签名仍然没有。
英文摘要：
It is demonstrated how a many-body system far from thermal equilibrium can exhibit universal dynamics in passing a non-thermal fixed point. As an example, the process of Bose-Einstein (BE) condensation of a dilute cold gas is considered. If the particle flux into the low-energy modes, induced, e.g., by a cooling quench, is sufficiently strong, the Bose gas develops a characteristic power-law single-particle spectrum $n(k)\sim k^{-5}$, and critical slowing down in time occurs. The fixed point is shown to be marked by the creation and dilution of tangled vortex lines. Alternatively, for a weak cooling quench and particle flux, the condensation process runs quasi adiabatically, passing by the fixed point in far distance, and signatures of critical scaling remain absent.
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