快速现代进化与克隆食物网〈动〉<动>动态
Rapid contemporary evolution and clonal food web dynamics
摘要：
影响生态群落相互作用的性状进化往往与种群规模的时间变化同时发生，可能改变这些动态的性质。这样的生态进化过程可能是最容易探索的系统与短代和简单的遗传。无性生殖和周期性孤雌生殖的生物，如微藻、枝角类和轮虫，经常统治淡水浮游生物群落，满足这些要求。多个克隆系可以在每个物种内共存很长一段时间，直到固定发生或有性阶段重新洗牌的遗传物质。当克隆在影响种间相互作用的性状上存在差异时，种内克隆动态对种群动力学有重要影响。我们首先考虑一个简单的捕食者-猎物系统与两个猎物基因型，参数化的数据上一个研究充分的实验系统，并探讨如何在防御捕食的猎物种群内的差异程度决定动态稳定性与不稳定性的系统。然后，我们探讨如何增加进化的潜力影响社区动态在一个更一般的社区模型与多个捕食者和多个猎物的基因型。这些例子说明了如何微进化的“细节”，提高或限制遗传表型变化的潜力，可以有显着的影响，同期社区水平的动态和物种的持久性和共存。
英文摘要：
Character evolution that affects ecological community interactions often occurs contemporaneously with temporal changes in population size, potentially altering the very nature of those dynamics. Such eco-evolutionary processes may be most readily explored in systems with short generations and simple genetics. Asexual and cyclically parthenogenetic organisms such as microalgae, cladocerans, and rotifers, which frequently dominate freshwater plankton communities, meet these requirements. Multiple clonal lines can coexist within each species over extended periods, until either fixation occurs or a sexual phase reshuffles the genetic material. When clones differ in traits affecting interspecific interactions, within-species clonal dynamics can have major effects on the population dynamics. We first consider a simple predator-prey system with two prey genotypes, parameterized with data on a well-studied experimental system, and explore how the extent of differences in defense against predation within the prey population determine dynamic stability versus instability of the system. We then explore how increased potential for evolution affects the community dynamics in a more general community model with multiple predator and multiple prey genotypes. These examples illustrate how microevolutionary "details" that enhance or limit the potential for heritable phenotypic change can have significant effects on contemporaneous community-level dynamics and the persistence and coexistence of species.
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