亚微米行星尘埃颗粒II的命运：多极场
The Fate of Sub-micron Circumplanetary Dust Grains II: Multipolar Fields
摘要：
我们研究了从具有复杂磁场的旋转行星任意距离发射的所有荷质比的尘埃颗粒的径向和垂直稳定性。我们表明，Jontof-Hutter和Hamilton（2012）分析的排列偶极子磁场模型在大多数情况下是一个很好的近似，但从根本上讲，新的物理出现了非轴对称磁场条款。特别是，大量遥远的带负电荷的尘埃颗粒，稳定在磁偶极子中，可以被更复杂的场驱动逃逸。我们追踪起源的不稳定重叠洛伦兹共振是非常强大的引力和电磁力的尘埃颗粒是可比的。这些共振使尘埃颗粒能够利用行星的自旋能量来为其逃逸提供动力。我们还探讨了相对较小的影响，不同的发射速度和更重要的影响，可变药柱收费。只有后者才能够显著影响微米级的颗粒，这些颗粒在微弱尘埃环的可见光和红外图像中占主导地位。最后，我们提出了完整的稳定性地图地球，木星，土星，天王星和海王星的磁场模拟八极顺序。毫不奇怪，天王星和海王星饱受折磨的磁场中的尘埃表现出最大的不稳定性。
英文摘要：
We study the radial and vertical stability of dust grains launched with all charge-to-mass ratios at arbitrary distances from rotating planets with complex magnetic fields. We show that the aligned dipole magnetic field model analyzed by Jontof-Hutter and Hamilton (2012) is an excellent approximation in most cases, but that fundamentally new physics arises with the inclusion of non-axisymmetric magnetic field terms. In particular, large numbers of distant negatively-charged dust grains, stable in a magnetic dipole, can be driven to escape by a more complex field. We trace the origin of the instability to overlapping Lorentz resonances which are extremely powerful when the gravitational and electromagnetic forces on a dust grain are comparable. These resonances enable a dust grain to tap the spin energy of the planet to power its escape. We also explore the relatively minor influence of different launch speeds and the far more important effects of variable grain charge. Only the latter are capable of significantly affecting the micron-sized grains that dominate visible and infrared images of faint dust rings. Finally, we present full stability maps for Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune with magnetic fields modeled out to octupole order. Not surprisingly, dust in the tortured magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune show the greatest instability.
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